粗放管理的苹果园系统内金纹细蛾发生及其寄生蜂种类与控害作用

Population dynamics of Lithocolletis ringoniella, its parasitoids,and the control of this pest in extensively managed orchards

【目的】明确粗放管理的苹果园系统内金纹细蛾Lithocolletis ringoniella发生为害动态规律、其寄生蜂种类和对金纹细蛾的控害作用,为金纹细蛾生物防治提供理论依据。【方法】试验于2018年在烟台福山区管理粗放的苹果园内,通过系统调查和实验室解剖对金纹细蛾的发生及其寄生蜂种类进行调查。【结果】在粗放管理的苹果园系统内,5月中旬-6月中旬是金纹细蛾成虫发生的全年最高峰,幼虫发生的两个高峰期分别在5月底和6月中下旬,而田间叶片被害率在6月中旬以后明显升高,7月初出现大量落叶。在自然生态系统下,共调查发现金纹细蛾姬小蜂SympiesislaevifronsKamijo、金纹细蛾绒茧蜂Apanteles theivorae、金纹细蛾跳小蜂Ageniaspis pestacsipes Rate、金纹细蛾羽角姬小蜂Eulopaus longulus Zett、柠黄姬小蜂Cirros-pilues ogimae(Howard)5种寄生蜂;在5月底至6月初和7月下旬出现2个寄生高峰,其中6月底以前,金纹细蛾姬小蜂、金纹细蛾绒茧蜂寄生率高,分别达到33.69%和29.48%,是优势种寄生蜂,7月份以后金纹细蛾跳小蜂是优势种寄生蜂,平均寄生率为38.54%,最高达71.72%。【结论】在粗放条件下,金纹细蛾寄生蜂自然寄生率高,不同时期优势种寄生蜂不同,应注意保护天敌,充分发挥寄生蜂对金纹细蛾的控害作用。

[Objectives] To clarify the population dynamics of Lithocolletis ringoniella and its control by parasitoids in extensively managed orchards,thereby providing a theoretical basis for the biological control of this pest.[Methods]A systematic field survey combined with laboratory dissection of specimens was conducted in extensively managed orchards in the Fushan District of Yantai in 2017-2018.[Results]Adult L.ringoniella reached peak abundance from mid-May to mid-June whereas larvae had two dynamics peaks at the end of May and in mid-late June.The leaf damage rate increased significantly after mid-June and defoliation was common in early July.Five species of parasitic wasps were found;Sympiesis soriceicornis,Apanteles theivorae,Ageniaspis testaceipes,Sympiesis foerst,and Cirrospilus ogimae.There were two parasitic peaks from the end of May to the beginning of June and at the end of July.Before the end of June,the parasitism rate of S.soriceicornis and A.theivorae,which were then the dominant species of parasitic wasps,reached 33.69% and 29.48%,respectively.After July,A.testaceipes became the dominant parasitic wasp with an average parasitism rate of 38.54%and a maximum rate of 71.72%.[Conclusion]The natural parasitism rate of parasitoids on L.ringoniella is high and the dominant parasitoid species differ in different periods.Protection of the parasitoids of L.ringoniella should be prioritized as an effective way of controlling this pest.