宁夏引黄灌区菜田利用地下水喷灌对土壤水盐动态的影响

Effects of Sprinkler Irrigation with Groundwater on Dynamics of Soil Water and Salt in Vegetable Fields in the Yellow River Irrigation Area of Ningxia

以引黄灌水地面灌溉为对照,研究了2016~2018年宁夏引黄灌区利用地下水喷灌进行蔬菜生产对当地地下水水位及其水质、土壤剖面盐分含量的影响。结果表明,汲取地下水喷灌进行蔬菜生产,可使当地地下水位显著降低、降低幅度达0.13~0.75 m,地下水矿化度、pH值明显下降,降低范围分别为0.05~1.14 g L^-1和0.01~0.44。汲取地下水喷灌区同一月份同一深度土层土壤盐分含量逐年降低,年际间差异显著(P<0.05);与引黄河水地面灌溉相比,汲取地下水喷灌区试验第一年特别是0~20 cm土层土壤盐分含量降低幅度相对较小,而至第三年20~80 cm土层土壤盐分含量低于引黄河水地面灌溉区相同深度土层土壤,蔬菜产量为30000.0 kg hm^-2,效益为4500.0元hm^-2,较引黄河水地面灌溉区高16927.5 kg hm^-2和3277.5元hm^-2。这一研究结果可为合理利用当地水资源,缓解宁夏引黄灌区用水紧张局面、控制地下水位和改良治理灌区盐碱地提供理论依据。

Taking the surface irrigation from the Yellow River as the control,this paper studied the influences of sprinkling irrigation with groundwater for vegetable productions on groundwater level,water quality and salt content at soil profiles in the Yellow River irrigation area of Ningxia in 2016-2018.The results showed that the sprinkling irrigation with groundwater significantly reduced the groundwater level,salt content and pH value by 0.13-0.75 m,0.05-1.14 g L^-1 and 0.01-0.44,respectively.The content of soil salt at the same depth in the same month significantly decreased(P<0.05)with years.Compared with control,sprinkling irrigation with groundwater decreased slightly the soil salt content in the first year,especially at the 0-20 cm soil depth in the irrigation area.After the sprinkling irrigation with groundwater for 3 years in the irrigation area,the yield of vegetables was 30000 kg hm^-2,and the benefit was 4500 yuan hm^-2.And the content of soil salt at the 20-80 cm soil depth was decreased,the yield was16927.5 kg hm^-2 higher and the benefit was 3277.5 higher yuan hm^-2 compared with control.The research results can provide a theoretical basis for rational utilization of local water resources,alleviating water shortage situation,controlling groundwater level and improving saline alkali soil in the irrigation area of Ningxia.