不同培肥措施对新垦耕地红壤肥力和作物产量的影响

Effect of Different Fertilization Methods on Fertility and Yield of Crop in Newly Reclaimed Red Soil

在浙江省余杭区瓶窑镇选择2012~2013年开垦建成的红壤农田,设置对照、冬绿肥+秸秆还田、商品有机肥+冬绿肥+秸秆还田和食用菌废渣+冬绿肥+秸秆还田等4种培肥处理,在玉米-番薯旱粮种植模式下,连续进行3年定位试验,探讨了不同培肥措施对新垦耕地红壤肥力和作物产量的影响。田间试验结果表明,对新垦耕地红壤综合培肥效果最好的为冬绿肥+秸秆还田+商品有机肥处理,其土壤有机质、有效磷、全氮及速效钾含量分别比对照增加90.7%、71.1%、71.0%和28.6%,旱粮产量增加22.6%;其次为冬绿肥+秸秆还田+食用菌废渣处理,其土壤容重比对照处理下降了6.7%,土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷和速效钾含量分别比对照增加88.4%、40.3%、39.1%和18.3%,旱粮产量增加21.6%;单纯采用种植冬绿肥和秸秆还田措施对新垦耕地红壤培肥的效果不明显。试验结果也表明,在不施石灰的情况下,以施用有机物质为主的培肥措施可能会导致土壤酸化。据此认为,由于新垦红壤基础地力较差,应采用多种途径增加有机肥料的投入,如在种植冬绿肥和秸秆还田的基础上适当施用养分含量较高的有机肥料可获得更好的作物增产、地力提升效果。

A continuous three-year experiment under the planting pattern of corn-sweet-potato was set up in Red Soil newly reclaimed in 2012~2013 in Pingyao,Yuhang District,Zhejiang Province.Soil fertility and crop yield were analyzed in the 4 treatments,including control(T1),winter green manure combined with straw returning(T2),commercial organic fertilizer combined with winter green manure and straw returning(T3),and editable fungi residue combined with winter green manure and straw returning(T4).The results showed that the T3 treatment significantly improved soil fertility.Compared with CK,T3 treatment increased the contents of soil organic matter(SOM),available phosphorus(AP),total nitrogen(TN),and available potassium(AK)by 90.7%,71.1%,71.0%and 28.6%,respectively and crop yield by 22.6%.Compared with CK,T4 treatment decreased soil bulk density by 6.7%and increased the contents of SOM,TN,AP and AK by 88.4%,40.3%,39.1%and 18.3%,respectively and crop yield by 21.6%.The soil fertility was not obviously improved in the T2 treatment.The application of organic materials without lime may cause soil acidification.In a word,multiple ways,such as,winter green manure and straw returning combined with organic fertilizer with higher nutrient contents,should be applied to increase crop yield and improve soil fertility due to the poor basic soil fertility of Red Soil.