施磷量对黔东南州烤烟产量品质及磷吸收利用的影响

Effects of Application Rates of Phosphorus Fertilizer on the Yield and Quality of Flue-Cured Tobacco and Uptake and Use Efficiency of Phosphorus Nutrient in Qiandongnan Region

本文通过大田小区试验,研究了不同磷肥用量对烤烟云烟87产量、品质、磷素吸收及利用率的影响,旨在为贵州省黔东南州及其相邻地区推荐适宜的烤烟种植施磷量。试验设置了P0、P1、P2和P3四个处理,每个处理有机肥、氮素养分(以N计)、钾素养分(以K2O计)的用量保持一致,分别为2250、120和240 kg hm^-2,磷用量(以P2O5计)分别为0、37.5、75和112.5 kg hm^-2。结果表明:烟叶产量随施磷量增加而增加,但P2和P3处理间产量没有显著差异;对于C3F等级烟叶,与P0处理相比,P2和P3处理的烟叶总糖、还原糖、烟碱、蛋白质、总氮和钾含量分别提高了6.98%、9.54%、10.86%、12.56%、16.73%、22.76%和7.87%、8.73%、11.26%、15.32%、4.66%、22.22%,烟叶氯含量分别降低了18.35%和17.13%;P2处理的氮碱比、两糖比和钾氯比提高,糖碱比、糖氮比和两糖差下降;P3处理的糖氮比、两糖比和钾氯比提高,糖碱比、氮碱比和两糖差下降;施磷肥的处理烟叶的外观质量改善,烟叶刺激性和杂气降低,香气质和香气量提升,燃烧性增强、余味舒适且绵长。在各施磷处理中,磷肥利用率由高至低依次为P2>P3>P1;施磷处理使烟叶中各化学成分之间的比例更为协调,烟叶的外观质量和评吸质量改善,烟株磷的吸收量增加。综合分析本试验条件下各处理的烟叶产量、品质和磷利用率试验结果,可以认为P2和P3处理表现较好。因此,在黔东南州及相邻烟区种植烟草,其推荐施磷量以75~112.5 kg hm^-2为宜。

A field experiment was conducted to reveal the effects of the application rates of phosphorus(P)fertilizer on the yield and quality of tobacco Yunyan 87 and uptake and use efficiency of P and to find the optimal application rate of P fertilizer for tobacco-planting in Qiandongnan region,Guizhou Province.The P fertilizer was applied at different rates of 0(P0,P2O5),37.5(P1),75(P2)and 112.5 kg hm^-2(P3)and the same amounts of organic fertilizer(2250 kg hm^-2),nitrogen nutrient(N,120 kg hm^-2)and potassium nutrient(K2O,240 kg hm^-2)were applied in each treatment.The results showed that the tobacco yield was increased with the increase of applied rates of P fertilizer,but was not significantly different between P2 and P3 treatments.Compared with P0 treatment,the contents of total sugar,reduced sugar,alkaloid,protein,total N and K in tobacco leaves(C3 F class)of P2 treatment were increased by 6.98%,9.54%,10.86%,12.56%,16.73%and 22.76%,respectively,and those in the P3 treatment were increased by 7.87%,8.73%,11.26%,15.32%,4.66%and 22.22%,respectively.While the chlorine content in tobacco leaves of P2 and P3 treatments was decreased by 18.35%and 17.13%,respectively.P2 treatment increased the ratios of N to alkaloid,total sugar to reducing sugar and K to chlorine,but decreased the ratios of sugar to alkaloid,sugar to N and the difference between total sugar and reduced sugar.P3 treatment significantly increased the ratios of sugar to N,total sugar to reducing sugar and K to chlorine,but decreased the ratios of sugar to alkaloid,N to alkaloid and the difference between total sugar and reduced sugar.the application of P fertilizer decreased the pungent smell and foreign smoke of tobacco leaves,enhanced the quality and quantity of smoke,increased the combustibility and the time of lasting smoke.The use efficiency of P fertilizer followed the order of P2>P3>P1.The ratio of different chemical constituents of tobacco leaves was more coordinated,and the quality and yield of tobacco were improved after P fertilizer was used to soil especially in P2 and P3 treatments.In conclusion,the P fertilizer application at 75-112.5 kg hm^-2 is recommended for tobacco-planting in Qiandongnan and adjoining regions.