不同施氮量对设施甜椒温室气体排放及净温室效应的影响

Greenhouse Gas and Net Greenhouse Effect Induced by Different Nitrogen Application RatesinSweet Pepper Facility Cultivation

本研究在华北地区进行温室甜椒(Capsicum)栽培肥料试验,通过测定不同施氮处理土壤N2O和CH4排放量、排放特征和土壤呼吸强度,估算化肥投入、灌溉能源消耗、机械燃油、农药施用等生产投入产生的CO2当量进而计算净温室效应,探讨了氮肥用量对当地温室蔬菜栽培温室气体排放、净温室效应的影响。田间试验设当地农民传统施肥量(C)、不施氮肥(CK)、推荐施氮量(T1)、推荐施氮量+硝化抑制剂(NP)(T1+NP)4个处理,土壤排放的温室气体用静态箱法采集、Agilent 6820型气相色谱仪测定,土壤呼吸用LI-8100土壤碳通量自动监测系统监测。结果表明,与传统施肥量处理相比,推荐施肥量处理,N2O排放量明显下降;而4个处理的土壤CO2累积排放量分别为3.36、3.19、3.25、3.07 thm^-2,处理间无明显差异,CH4累积排放量表现出随施氮量升高而下降的趋势;4个处理的净温室效应分别为5460.91、3439.28、4873.21、4622.85 kghm^-2,因此,可以认为N2O排放和土壤CO2当量随施氮量的增加而升高,减少氮肥投入使之保持在适当水平,可降低N2O、CH4等温室气体的排放;而在等氮肥投入量的条件添加硝化抑制剂也能,减少温室气体排放和减轻净温室效应。

The emission characteristics of N2O and CH4 weredetermined and net greenhouse effect was calculated based on the CO2 equivalent induced by chemical fertilizer input,energy consumption during the irrigation process,mechanical fuel and pesticide application under different application rates of nitrogen(N)fertilizer to sweet pepper(Capsicum)of the greenhouse in North China.The four processing patterns,including tradition fertilization(C),without N fertilizer(CK),recommended N application(T1)and combined with nitrification inhibitor(T1+NP),were set up.N2O and CH4 were collected by static box method and determined with Agilent 6820 gas chromatograph,and soil respiration was monitored by LI-8100 soil carbon flux automatic monitoring system.Compared with the C treatment,the yield was increased by 14.16%,and N2O emission was significantly lower in the T1 treatment.The cumulative amounts of CO2 emission in the four treatments were 3.36,3.19,3.25 and 3.07 t hm^-2,respectively.The higher the N application rate,the lower the cumulative amount of CH4 emission.The net greenhouse effects in the four treatments were 5460.91,3439.28,4873.21 and 4622.85 kg hm^-2,respectively.N2O emission and soil CO2 equivalent were increased with the N application rates.Reducing N input increased the yield of sweet pepper and reduced the greenhouse gas emissions such as N2O and CH4.Adding nitrification inhibitors increased the production and quality of sweet pepper,and reduced the greenhouse gas emissions and net greenhouse effect in the greenhouse.