晚清民初启蒙民俗思潮的形成与传播

The Formation and Dissemination of the Enlightenment Folklore Trend in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Early Republic of China

近代救亡图存之际,在西学主动与被动输入、中西比较思维兴起等基础上形成了一种启蒙民俗思潮。无论维新派、革命派还是保守派的知识分子均关注到"民俗"的问题,他们将民俗观与启蒙精神结合在一起,以论文形式或小说、戏曲等文学创作的类型,借助西方机器印刷和书籍报刊的商业运作模式迅速传播,此外亦有通过宣讲、演说以及戏曲表演等社会活动进行的传播。启蒙民俗思潮对我国陋俗的批判,对移风易俗、科学新知的宣扬,在国民教育上发挥了不可磨灭的作用;对"民俗"范畴内学术问题的探讨,为民俗学等学科的现代确立亦打下了坚实基础。

On the basis of the active and passive input of western learning and the rise of comparative thinking between China and the west,a kind of enlightenment folk trend of thought was formed during the period of saving the nation from extinction in modern times.The reformists,revolutionaries or conservative intellectuals all paid attention to the problem of"folk".They combined the folklore with the enlightenment spirit,and disseminated it by writing papers or novels or dramas and other literary creation ways,with the help of the business spreading models such as the western machine printing and capitalist books and newspapers.In addition,dissemination was conducted through preaching,speech and drama performances and other social activities.The enlightenment folk trend of thought has played an indelible role in the criticism of China's bad customs,the transfer of customs,the dissemination of new scientific knowledge,and in the national education.The discussion of academic issues within the category of"folklore"has laid a solid foundation for the establishment of the folklore and other disciplines in modern times.