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文病·文法·文类——中国古代文论中的“蜂腰”之喻 被引量:1

Defect,Method and Genre——The Metaphor of “Bee Waist” in Ancient Chinese Literary Theory
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摘要 中国古代文论中蕴藏着丰富的“蜂腰”之喻。在文病论范畴中,其表现为永明声律论中的“蜂腰说”,此论适用对象仅为五言诗,“腰”指一句中的第二字,避忌要求为二、五异声,避忌范围为出句,对句可不避。在文法论范畴中,其主要表现为对仗形式中的“蜂腰格”,此论适用对象为五七言律诗,“腰”指颈联,对颔联的特殊要求是使用“虽对而散”的流水对;另骈文创作中似有一种“蜂腰法”,然接受度远不及前者。在文类论范畴中,还有两种具有文字游戏性质的“蜂腰”诗,一为双声诗中的一种特殊变式,即一句五字中首尾用浊声字母而中间一字用清声字母之诗;一为“嵌字格”诗钟的一种特殊类型,即将两题字分嵌于七律每句第四字之诗。古人对这些丰富的“蜂腰”之喻,存在着复杂的审美评价。 The ancient Chinese literary theory contains a rich metaphor of“bee waist”.In the category of literary fault theory,it is expressed in the“bee waist theory”in Yongming s rhythm theory.This article applies only to five-character poems,“waist”refers to the second word in a sentence,and the second and fifth character must be different sounds.and the scope of avoidance is the previous sentence.In the category of writing method theory,it mainly manifests in the“bee waist”in the form of parallelism mode.The applicable object is rhyming poem,and the“waist”refers to the third set of sentence.The special requirement for the second set of sentence is to use the parallelism mode like running water.In addition,there seems to be a kind of“bee waist method”in the creation of the rhyming essay,but the acceptance is far less than the former.In the category of genre theory,there are two kinds of“bee waist”poems with the nature of word games.One is a special variant of double-initial consonant poetry,and the other is a special type of a poem resembling the shape of a bell.The ancients have a complicated aesthetic evaluation of these rich“bee waist”metaphors.
作者 叶汝骏 YE Ru-Jun(Department of Chinese Literature,Chengchi University,Taipei 11605,China)
出处 《西华师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》 2020年第1期77-83,共7页 Journal of China West Normal University:Philosophy & Social Sciences
关键词 蜂腰 古代文论 声律 对仗 双声诗 诗钟 bee waist ancient Chinese literary theory rhythm parallelism mode double-initial consonant poetry a poem resembling the shape of a bell
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