维柯“共通感”探微

A Probe into Vico’s “Common Sense”

维柯的“共通感”在我国学界罕有论及,一方面可能由于词汇翻译的原因,另一方面是过于草率地将它定性,要么仅将它看成一种纯粹的认识能力,要么断定为穿梭于神学与心灵领地的幽灵。维柯的“共通感”并非单一形式和单一内涵的“共通感”,它包含生理、心理、道德伦理、权利、生活需要以及法、制度和习俗的基础与条件六大方面的内容,具有广阔的辐射度,是具体的“类”或“共相”。维柯的“共通感”是先验的,又是变动不居的,它是生成式的,它开了伯克“共同人性的标准”、黑格尔“伟大艺术的普遍人性标准”、康德先验的“共通感”,以及精神分析派和意志派各种学说的先河,具有发生学上的重要意义。

Vico's“common sense”is rarely discussed in Chinese academic circles.On the one hand,it may be due to the ambiguous lexical translation.On the other hand,“common sense”was imprudently defined,it was either regarded as a pure cognitive ability or belonged to the theology and spiritual field.Vico's“common sense”is not a single form and a single connotation,which includes six aspects:physiology,psychology,morality and ethics,rights,life needs,and the basis and conditions of law,system and custom.It is the concrete“class”or“common phase”and has a broad radiance.In addition,Vico's“common sense”is transcendental,and at the same time it is a changeable,generative one,a forerunner of Burke's“standard of common humanity”,Hegel's“standard of universal humanity of great art”,Kant’s transcendental“common sense”and various theories of psychoanalysis and volition.Vico's“common sense”has important significance in embryology.