从流浪地球到宇宙迷航——2019年诺贝尔物理学奖解读

From wandering earth to space trek——Interpretation of the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physics

2019年诺贝尔物理学奖同时授予了系外行星和宇宙学领域,诺奖委员会给出的理由是"为我们理解宇宙的演化和地球在宇宙中的位置做出的贡献"。这两个领域在近二三十年内展现出了蓬勃的生机,系外行星和外星生命的研究到了本世纪伴随先进技术的发展有了爆发式的发现;进入新世纪后,宇宙学领域已经获得4次诺贝尔奖,分别是宇宙背景探测者卫星、宇宙加速膨胀的发现、引力波的探测,以及此次诺贝尔物理学奖,它们使当代宇宙学获得了广阔的发展前景。文章就本次诺奖热点话题展开,对系外行星和宇宙学两大领域做概括性的科普解读。具体介绍马约尔和奎洛兹在系外行星领域的发现,系外行星的探测手段和发展前景,以及宇宙学领域的发展简史,皮布尔斯在该领域的贡献,和目前宇宙学领域的一大研究热潮,即原初引力波的探测。作者借此文抛砖引玉,期待更多年轻学者能加入到天文学和宇宙学的研究中,在新时代的浪潮下推动该领域获得更重大的突破。

In 2019 the Nobel Prize in physics was awarded to three scientists for their work on exoplanets and cosmology.The Nobel Committee gave the reason"for contributions to our understanding of the evolution of the universe and Earth’s place in the cosmos".With the development of technology in the past twenty-odd years,the study of exoplanets and extraterrestrial life has seen explosive discoveries.Since the beginning of this new century,four Nobel Prizes in Physics have been awarded for the field of cosmology,namely,for the Cosmic Background Explorer satellite,the discovery of the accelerated expansion of the universe,the detection of gravitational waves,and the one mentioned above,all of which encompass broad prospects for cosmology.This article begins with the recent Nobel Prize in Physics,and provides a general overview of the areas of exoplanets and cosmology.With respect to the former,the discovery and detection methods of Mayor and Queloz as well as future prospects are reviewed.A brief history of the development of cosmology,the contributions of Peebles,and an introduction to one of the current hot topics of cosmology,the detection of primordial gravitational waves,are also presented.