寓修于立:《四库全书》纂修与大一统秩序建立

Compilation in establishment:The Compilation of the Siku Quanshu and the Establishment of the Unified Order

乾隆在位期间,清王朝进入了全盛阶段,达到了中国古代封建社会的最高峰。在他的主持下,由纪昀、陆锡熊等纂修完成的《四库全书》是中国古代最大的一部官修丛书。其纂修背景、纂修思想、纂修过程以及对著作的选删标准等,无不体现了乾隆帝的治国理念和对大一统秩序的认识和构建。为消解明遗民的文化抵抗意识,乾隆帝在重新构建以清廷为主导的大一统秩序,以期在思想文化领域中赢得主导权。本文从尊君敬上、大一统观、树立正统以及多元共主国家观四个方面对此进行了初步探讨。

In the course of the reign of Qianlong,the Qing Dynasty entered its heyday and reached the highest peak of feudal society in ancient China.Under his auspices,the Siku Quanshu compiled by Ji Yun and Lu Xixiong is the largest official series books in ancient China.The background,the thoughts,the process of compilation and selection criteria for the writings all reflect the Qianlong Emperor’s idea of governing the country and his understanding and construction of the unification.In order to dispel the cultural resistance of the Ming survivors,Emperor Qianlong was rebuilding a unified order led by the Qing court,with a view to gaining leadership in the field of ideology and culture.This article discusses this from early four respects:respect for the monarch,the view of unification,the establishment of orthodoxy,and the view of a pluralist state.