水肥对稻麦轮作农田N2O排放影响及减排的研究进展

Research Progress on Effects of Water and Fertilizer on N2O Emission and Emission Reduction in Rice-wheat Rotation Farmland

水分管理与施肥管理是季节性干旱区农业生产中重要的组成部分。肥料除了有改良土壤、培肥地力的效果,更重要的是与土壤水分相互协作,达到“以水调肥”和“以肥调水”的耦合效应。此外,农田温室气体的排放关系到土壤微生物环境和全球温室气候的变化。在阐述N2O产生机制的基础上,从水分管理、施肥管理和水氮互作管理方面综述其对N2O排放的影响,并根据温室效应等因素提出合理的减排技术措施,以期科学评估温室气体变化,为我国实行低碳农业和降低温室效应提供理论依据。

Water management and fertilization management are important components of agricultural production in seasonal arid areas.In addition to the effect of improving soil and enhancing soil fertility,fertilizer is more important to cooperate with soil moisture to achieve the coupling effect of“regulating fertilizer with water”and“regulating water with fertilizer”.In addition,greenhouse gas emissions from farmland are related to soil microbial environment and global greenhouse climate change.On the basis of expounding the formation mechanism of N2O,the influence of water management,fertilization and water,nitrogen interactions on N2O emissions were summarized,and the reasonable emission reduction technologies were proposed according to factors such as the greenhouse effect,in order to scientifically assess greenhouse gas changes and provide theoretical basis for China to implement low-carbon agriculture and reduce greenhouse effect.