民族地区产业扶贫的模式、问题透视与发展思路研究——以云南省文山州为例

Research on the Models, Problem Perspective and Development Idea of Industrial Poverty Alleviation in Ethnic Minority Areas—Taking Wenshan Prefecture in Yunnan Province as an Example

经济发展落后的民族地区一直是我国扶贫攻坚的主战场。文山壮族苗族自治州是我国云南省连片特困民族地区,近年来通过“龙头企业+合作社+农户”、“一村一品”“协会+基地+农户”“生态旅游”“现代化产业园区”等产业扶贫模式,在扶贫开发方面取得了一定成效。但受制于农业合作经济组织水平低下、产业主体发展能力弱、贫困户产业扶贫参与度低、龙头企业辐射带动力不强、利益联结机制不健全等问题,产业扶贫收益未能完全流向贫困地区和贫困人口。必须加大产业扶贫支持力度、做好扶贫产业定位、做强做大龙头企业、充分调动贫困人口的内生动力,才能切实提升产业扶贫实效,促进贫困人口增收脱贫。

The ethnic minority areas with backward economic development have been always the main battlefields of poverty alleviation in China.Wenshan Zhuang-Miao Autonomous Prefecture is a contiguous impoverished ethnic area in Yunnan Province.In recent years,some achievements have been made in poverty alleviation and development through such industrial poverty alleviation models as“leading enterprise+cooperative+farmers”,“one village,one product”,“association+base+farmers”,“ecological tourism”and“modern industrial park”.However,due to such problems as low level of agricultural cooperative economic organizations,weak development capacity of industrial bodies,low participation in industrial poverty alleviation of poor households,weak radiating power of leading enterprises,and imperfect interest connection mechanism,the benefits from industrial poverty alleviation have not fully flowed to poor areas and poor population.Only by increasing the support for industrial poverty alleviation,positioning the poverty alleviation industry well,strengthening and expanding leading enterprises,and fully mobilizing the endogenous power of the poor people,can we effectively improve the effectiveness of industrial poverty alleviation,increase incomes and lift the poor out of poverty of the poor population.