金枪鱼鱼卵营养成分分析及营养评价

Analysis and Evaluation of the Nutritional Compositions of Skipjack Tuna(Katsuwonus pelamis) Roes

【目的】系统分析和评价金枪鱼鱼卵营养成分。【方法】利用气相色谱、氨基酸分析仪和电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定金枪鱼鱼卵脂肪酸、氨基酸和矿物质元素组成。【结果与结论】金枪鱼鱼卵水分质量分数为(68.76±0.35)%,粗蛋白质量分数为(21.00±0.06)%,粗脂肪质量分数为(7.10±0.12)%,粗灰分质量分数为(1.60±0.08)%。电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测得鱼卵中含有丰富的Mg、Ca、K、Na、Fe等金属元素。鱼卵中含有17种氨基酸,其中谷氨酸(Glu)含量最高,天冬氨酸(Asp)次之。鱼卵中含有7种必需氨基酸(色氨酸被水解),占氨基酸总量的40.17%;8种非必需氨基酸,占氨基酸总量的49.92%;必需氨基酸/非必需氨基酸为80.47%,必需氨基酸构成比例符合FAO/WHO关于理想蛋白源的标准。另外,鱼卵中有10种不饱和脂肪酸和5种饱和脂肪酸,分别占总脂肪酸含量的44.44%和51.56%。其中棕榈酸(C16:0)、硬脂酸(C18:0)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)为主要脂肪酸,三者之和占总脂肪酸含量的70.90%。鱼卵中磷脂含量丰富且不饱和脂肪酸种类多,可作为优质的脂肪酸来源。

【Objective】To analyze and evaluate the nutritional compositions of skipjack tuna(Katsuwonus pelamis)roes.【Method】Gas chromatography,amino acid analysis and inductive-coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)were employed to analyze the compositions of fatty acids,amino acids and mineral elements of skipjack tuna roes.【Result and Conclusion】The results showed that the contents of moisture,crude protein,crude fat and crude ash in tuna roes were(68.76±0.35)%,(21.00±0.06)%,(7.10±0.12)%and(1.60±0.08)%,respectively.The results of mineral element content determined by ICP-MS indicated that tuna roes contained a large amount of Mg,Ca,K,Na,Fe and other metallic elements.Seventeen amino acids were founded in the tuna roes,and glutamic acid(Glu)was measured as the major amino acid,followed by aspartic acid(Asp).Tuna roes contained seven essential amino acids(WEAA)and eight non-essential amino acids(WNEAA),accounted for 40.17%and 49.92%of total amino acid content,respectively.The ratio of WEAA/WNEAA was 80.47%.The essential amino acid composition has basically met the requirements of the FAO/WHO criteria.Additionally,the tuna roes contained ten kinds of unsaturated fatty acids and five saturated fatty acids,accounting for 44.44%and 51.56%of the total fatty acid content,respectively.Palmitic acid,stearic acid,and DHA were three main fatty acids in tuna roes,which accounted for 70.90%of the total fatty acids content.Furthermore,tune roes are rich in phospholipids and unsaturated fatty acids,which also could be used as a good source of fatty acids.