华东地区小麦缓控释配方肥技术研究

Application of Controlled-Release Formulated Fertilizer on Winter Wheat in East China

根据土壤肥力水平和前期研究,设计了华东地区小麦缓控释配方肥,研究了该配方肥对小麦产量、土壤养分平衡和肥料利用率的影响。结果表明:缓控释配方肥能在较常规施肥减氮12.5%、减磷10%、减钾6.7%以及一次性施用的情况下,确保小麦的稳产,提高氮肥表观利用率6.2%,且将氮肥的偏生产力提高20.4%,同时维持土壤的养分含量。配方施肥的施氮量、施磷量超过了植株的需求,盈余50%左右,施钾量低于作物吸钾量,土壤钾素平衡为亏缺状态。因此,建议华东地区小麦缓控释配方肥的氮肥用量可降低10%~15%,磷肥用量可降低20%~30%,钾肥用量应提高10%左右,即配方肥的氮(N)、磷(P2O5)、钾(K2O)肥推荐用量分别为180~190、80~90和90~100 kg/hm2。

Based on the current soil fertility level from previous investigations, the controlled release formulated fertilizer(CRFF) was developed for wheat in East China, and its effects on wheat yield, soil nutrient balance and nutrient use efficiency were studied. For CRFF treatment once application was adopted to save fertilization labor, and the results showed that nitrogen was reduced by 12.5%, phosphorus by 10%, and potassium by 6.7% while the winter wheat yield remained stable, which resulted in the increase of nitrogen use efficiency by 6.20% as well as the increase of the nitrogen productivity by 20.4% while kept soil fertility level. Furthermore, the nutrient balances demonstrated that both nitrogen and phosphorus were over input with about 50%, while potassium input was less input with about 10%. Therefore, it was indicated that the CRFF could be further optimized for the winter wheat in East China, and the nitrogen input could be further reduced by 10%–15% and phosphorus by 20%–30% while potassium increased by about 10%, thus the dosage of fertilizer input rates were recommended as 180–190 kg/hm2, 80–90 kg/hm2 and 90– 100 kg/hm2 for nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P2 O5) and potassium(K2 O), respectively.