摘除不适用叶与喷施微肥对烤烟上部叶生理特性及产质量的影响

Effects of Removing Inapplicable Leaves and Spraying Micronutrient Fertilizer on Physiological Characteristics of Upper Leaves, Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

为优化烤后烟叶的等级结构,提高上部烟叶的工业可用性和烤烟生产效益,以烤烟"豫烟6号"品种为材料,采用田间试验研究了摘除下部6片不适用叶与喷施微肥对烤烟上部叶农艺性状、光合特性、碳氮代谢、烤后烟叶化学成分及经济性状的影响。结果表明,与不摘除下部不适用叶和摘除下部4片不适用叶相比,摘除下部6片不适用叶显著提高了上部烟叶叶面积、叶绿素含量、光合性能、碳氮代谢强度、总氮和烟碱含量,降低了还原糖含量、糖碱比及烤烟产值。与仅摘除下部6片不适用叶相比,摘除下部6片不适用叶条件下喷施微肥进一步促进了烤烟上部叶的生长,显著增加了烤后烟叶的还原糖含量、糖碱比、钾含量和烤烟产值,显著降低了上部叶烟碱含量。摘除下部6片不适用叶联合喷施微肥较不摘除下部不适用叶处理,上部叶叶面积、单叶重、钾含量、钾氯比和上中等烟比例分别提高了10.66%、16.49%、13.43%、18.27%和15.00%。总体来看,摘除下部6片不适用叶联合喷施微肥能促进上部叶开片,提高烤后烟叶的等级结构,改善上部烟叶的品质,增加烤烟的经济效益。

In order to optimize the grading structure, improve the industrial availability of upper tobacco leaves and economic benefit of flue-cured tobacco, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of removing 6 inapplicable lower leaves and spraying micronutrient fertilizer on the agronomical character, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic characteristics, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, conventional chemical composition and economic traits of flue-cured tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum cv. ‘Yuyan No.6’). The results showed that the treatment with removing 6 inapplicable lower leaves after topping significantly enhanced the leaf area, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and remarkably increased the total nitrogen and nicotine contents of upper tobacco leaves, decreased reducing sugar contents, the ratio of total sugar to nicotine and the output value of flue-cured tobacco when compared to the treatments without removing inapplicable lower leaves and removing 4 inapplicable lower leaves. Compared to only removing 6 inapplicable leaves, combination of removing 6 inapplicable leaves and spraying micronutrient fertilizer further promoted the growth of upper leaf, significantly increased reducing sugar contents, the ratio of total sugar to nicotine, potassium content and the output value of flue-cured tobacco, and remarkably reduced the nicotine contents of upper leaves. Compared to the treatment without removing inapplicable lower leaves, combination of removing 6 inapplicable leaves and spraying micronutrient fertilizer increased the leaf area, single leaf weight, potassium content, the ratio of potassium to chlorine, and the proportion of superior and middle grading leaves by 10.66%, 16.49%, 13.43%, 18.27% and 15.00%, respectively. In general, combination of removing 6 inapplicable leaves and spraying micronutrient fertilizer can promote the upper leaf unfolding, improve the grading structure and quality, and increase the economic benefits of flue-cured tobacco.