锑矿区土壤锑和砷的污染状况及其修复植物的筛选——以贵州独山东峰锑矿区为例

The pollution characteristics of antimony,arsenic and its restoration plants of screening in antimony mining area——Take Dushan Dongfeng antimony mine in Guizhou as example

为探究锑矿区旧冶炼厂周围的土壤锑和砷污染状况及其修复植物,采集贵州省独山县东峰锑矿区3个样点12份表层土壤(0~20 cm)样品以及对应的6种植物样本,测定锑(Sb)和砷(As)含量;利用单因子污染指数和内梅罗综合污染指数评价土壤中Sb、As的污染状况,计算植物中Sb和As的富集系数(BCF)和转移系数(TF),筛选修复植物。结果表明:1)研究区各土壤样点Sb和As平均含量高于贵州省土壤背景值;2)单因子污染指数表明,Sb污染土壤样本超标率高达83.33%,As污染土壤样本超标率为33.33%;内梅罗指数表明属于轻度和重度水平的土壤样本超标率为66.67%,研究区土壤存在很大的生态风险;3)凤尾蕨和香蒲可以用作Sb和As复合污染的候选植物。

In order to investigate the antimony and arsenic contamination of the soil around the old smelting plant in the antimony mining area and its remediation plants,12 surface layer soil(0~20 cm)samples and 6 kinds of corresponding plants were collected to determine Sb and As contents from three samples around Dongfeng antimony mining area,Dushan country,Guizhou.The single factor pollution index and nemerow comprehensive pollution index were applied to evaluate the pollution situations of Sb and As in the soil.The bioconcentration factor(BCF)and translocation factor(TF)of plants were calculated to screen the repaired plants.The results revealed that:1)the average contents of Sb and As in the soils in the study area were higher than the soil background values in Guizhou;2)the single factor pollution index showed that the Sb contaminated soil samples exceeded the standard rate was 83.33%,and As was 33.33%;The Nemerow index indicated that the over-standard rate of soil samples belonging to mild and severe levels was 66.67%,and there was a great ecological risk in the soil in the study area;3)Asplenium and Typha could be used as candidate plants for combined pollution of Sb and As.