中国东北沈抚地区土壤中PBDEs的残留、来源及风险评价

Occurrence, Distribution, Source, and Health Risk Assessment of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Surface Soil from the Shen-Fu Region,Northeast China

为研究我国东北地区表层土壤中多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的残留和分布.于2016夏季采集了3个城市(沈阳、抚顺和沈抚新区)的72份土壤样品,覆盖本地区4种不同的土地利用类型:城镇用地,农村居住用地,耕地和林地.分析了表层土壤中14种PBDEs的残留,组成和分布特征,探究了本地区PBDEs主要来源及贡献率,并对人体暴露水平和健康风险进行了评估.结果表明,表层土壤Σ14PBDEs的含量(以干重计,下同)范围在0. 279~50. 719 ng·g-1之间,均值为(10. 466±9. 246) ng·g-1.不同城市PBDEs的含量规律为:抚顺>沈阳>沈抚新区>背景点,不同类型土地规律为:城镇用地>农村居住用地>耕地>林地.在所有PBDEs组分中,十溴联苯醚占比最高,为81. 25%~89. 23%.来源分析表明,商用十溴联苯醚是主要来源,多元线性回归分析(PCA-MLR)结果显示其贡献率为66. 06%.暴露水平和健康风险评价的结果又表明,5种不同人群中,抚顺的幼儿人群暴露剂量最高,为(20. 98±25. 01) ng·(kg·d)-1在不同土地类型中,城镇用地的幼儿人群暴露剂量最高,(18. 54±20. 27)ng·(kg·d)-1,本地区总体非致癌健康风险处于较低水平.

The Shen-Fu region is an important urban area in northeast China. We report on a study of the distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers( PBDEs) in representative topsoil from this region. In the summer of 2016,72 soil samples from three cities( Shenyang,Fushun,and Shen-Fu New City) were collected,which covered four land use types: urban,rural residential,cultivated,and woodland. We report on the concentrations,compositions,and distributions of 14 PBDEs in soil and explore their sources,and additionally undertake human exposure analysis and health risk assessments. The results showed that the concentration of Σ14PBDEs in the topsoil ranged from 0. 279-50. 719 ng·g-1( dry weight),with a mean of( 10. 466 ± 9. 246) ng·g-1. The concentrations of PBDEs was ranked for the cities as: Fushun > Shenyang > Shen-Fu New City > background,and for different land use types as: urban land > rural residential land > cultivated land > forest. Deca-PBDE had the highest proportion of all congeners,accounting for 81. 25%-89. 23% of all PBDEs. Source analysis indicated that commercial Deca-PBDE was the main source,contributing 66. 06% of the total Deca-PBDE according to principal component analysis/multiple linear regression( PCA-MLR). Among five different age groups assessed for exposure,children in Fushun had the highest exposure dose:( 20. 98 ± 25. 01) ng·( kg·d)-1. In terms of different land types,the highest exposure dose was for children living in urban areas:( 18. 54 ± 20. 27) ng·( kg·d)-1. The non-oncogenic health risks in the Shen-Fu region are of a relatively low level.