传统节日研究的三个维度——基于文化记忆理论的视角

Three Dimensions of Researches on Traditional Festivals——From the Perspective of Cultural Memory Theory

传统节日是民众生产、生活节律和文化实践的记忆活动。理解传统节日起源的文化记忆如何转变成节日主体生活中的有意义的历史,是节日起源解释层面上的真实意图。传统节日包含传统要素与现代生活的相互作用,传统既在现实生活中,又与过去的文化记忆关联。传统节日的文化记忆在民众生活需求下,融汇、交织和凝聚着历史与现实的多元关系,也是在各类生活关系推动下,传统节日以仪式为中心建构的文化记忆得到传承发展。传统节日的文化记忆从当下出发,联结历史与未来,蕴涵民众生活行为、言说方式的平等观念,具有构筑民族共同体意识、塑造地域文化身份的特质。

Traditional festivals are memorial activities of people’s production and life’s rhythm as well as cultural practice.The true intention of the interpreting the origin of festivals is to understand how the cultural memories of traditional festivals’origins are transformed into a meaningful history in the lives of the festival’s subjects.Traditional festivals include the interaction between traditional elements and modern life.Tradition is not only about the current life,but also related to cultural memories of the past.With the demand of people’s life,cultural memories of traditional festivals integrate,interweave and embody the multiple relations between the history and the present;it is also promoted by the various life relationships that cultural memories of traditional festivals focusing on rituals’construction are transmitted and developed.Cultural memories of traditional festivals start from the present,connect the history and the future,and imply the sense of equality in people’s life behavior and ways of speaking.They also have the characteristics of firming the consciousness of national community and shaping regional cultural identities.