《共产党宣言》蕴含的“历史周期率”思想

Probe into the “Historical-Cycle-Rate” Thought Contained in Communist Manifesto

"历史周期率"是抗战时期民主人士黄炎培与毛泽东在延安交谈时提出的重要命题,它揭示了一个常见的历史现象:社会个体、团体或国家在艰苦的环境中往往能够励精图治、奋发向上,而在环境好转时却容易精神懈怠、不思进取,直至衰亡。《共产党宣言》蕴含了马克思恩格斯对这一历史现象的深刻思考。革命导师在《共产党宣言》中阐述了资产阶级从执政前"起过非常革命的作用"到执政后"不能统治下去了"的惊天巨变,"用来推翻封建制度的武器现在却对准了自己",表明资产阶级受到"历史周期率"的支配。这一现象的根源在于,获得统治地位之后的资产阶级由"革命阶级"变成"保守阶级","使整个社会服从于它们发财致富的条件",丧失历史进步性。更可贵的是,马克思恩格斯初步构想了无产阶级取得政权后如何跳出"历史周期率"的途径,提出了"两个决裂"的思想,为无产阶级政党建设指明了方向。

"Historical Cycle Rate" is an important proposition put forward by the democrat Huang Yanpei during his talk with Mao Zedong in Yan’an during the Anti-Japanese War.It reveals a common historical phenomenon:social individuals,groups or countries are often able to make the best of their efforts and strive for progress in an arduous environment,but while the environment is turning for the preferable,they are likely to become mentally sluggish,not wanting to make improvement until they finally extinguish.There contained in Communist Manifesto Marx and Engels’ thorough-going considerations on this "historical cycle rate." In Communist Manifesto,revolutionary mentors expounded the tremendous changes of the bourgeoisie from "playing a very revolutionary role" before taking office to "unable to keep on ruling" after taking office.They targeting to themselves "the weapons used to overthrow feudal system",a manifestation of the historical cycle on themselves.The origin of this can be traced to the transformation of bourgeoisie from revolutionists to conservatives after they obtained ruling power,the whole society reduced to being conditions for them to obtain material wealth,their historical progressiveness lost.More importantly,Marx and Engels gave their initial considerations on how to jump out of this cycle when the proletariats have obtained ruling power,the proposal of "two breakups" pointing out the direction for the construction of a proletarian party.