宜兴市新装修居室内空气污染状况及影响因素

Indoor air pollution and its influencing factors in newly decorated rooms in Yixing City

目的了解宜兴市新装修居室室内空气污染水平和分布状况,研究居室装修对室内空气质量的影响,为有效防治室内空气污染提供科学依据。方法依据《室内空气质量标准》(GB/T 18883—2002),采用酚试剂法测定甲醛,气相色谱法测定总挥发性有机物(TVOC)。结果宜兴市2012年-2016年室内空气中甲醛的超标率达17.76%,最大检出浓度超过国家标准5倍以上,TVOC的超标率达65.88%,最大检出浓度超过国家标准15倍以上。各种污染物的超标率均为豪华装修﹥中档装修﹥简单装修。客厅墙面材质的不同,对室内空气中污染物的影响没有明显特征。进家具前后污染物浓度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论宜兴市室内空气中各种污染物的超标情况严重,并且未见逐年降低趋势,装修工艺、材料、家具、装修后时间等是影响室内空气污染物浓度的主要因素。

Objective To understand the level and distribution of indoor air pollution in newly decorated rooms in Yixing City,and to study the influence of indoor decoration on indoor air quality,so as to provide scientific basis for effective prevention and control of indoor air pollution.Methods According to the Standard of Indoor Air Quality(GB/T 18883—2002),formaldehyde was determined by phenol reagent method,and the total votatile organic compound(TVOC)was determined by gas chromatography.Results In Yixing City,the over standard rate of formaldehyde in indoor air was 17.76%from 2012 to 2016,the maximum detection concentration exceeded the national standard more than 5 times,and the over standard rate of TVOC was 65.88%,and the maximum detection concentration exceeded the national standard more than 15 times.The over standard rate of pollutants was in the order of Luxurious decoration>medium grade decoration>simple decoration.The effect of different wall materials on indoor air pollution was not obvious.The difference of pollutant concentration before and after entering furniture was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The excessive standard of various pollutants in indoor air in Yixing is serious,and there is no decreasing trend year by year.The decoration technology,materials,furniture and time after decoration are the main factors that affect the concentration of indoor air pollutants.