中国为什么会产生众创空间?——基于多源流理论的分析

Why Does the Crowd-Innovating Space Emerge in China? A Study Based on the Multiple-Stream Theory

众创空间作为"大众创业,万众创新"的重要阵地,探究其为何在中国产生、如何进入国家政策议程,对推动中国"双创"的发展及创新创业相关研究具有重要的意义。本文基于北京地区众创空间和科技部火炬中心的实地观察和访谈,运用多源流理论分析影响众创空间在中国产生的因素及获得合法化地位的过程。政治源流与问题源流的交汇推动了政策源流的变化。随着"大众创业,万众创新"的提出,三大源流汇聚、政策之窗开启。研究发现,与中国的创客空间和国外的创新创业平台相比,中国众创空间是政府为了解决就业问题、在国家领导人的大力推动下提出的政策措施。政治源流在中国众创空间的产生和政策制定过程中起到了突出的作用。

Based on field observation and interviews with directors of crowd-innovating spaces and the Torch Center in Beijing, this paper uses Multiple-Stream Theory as the framework to analyze the influential factors in the emergence of crowd-innovating space in China, the establishment process of the policy agenda and the introduction of the policy. The concern about employment issue from the Prime Minister Li Keqiang made the political and problem stream meet, and then nudged the policy stream to change accordingly. The"Mass Entrepreneurship & Innovation"(MEI) was the sign of the open of policy window, and the crowd-innovating space was the policy recommendation proposed by the Ministry of Science and Technology(MoST) for promoting MEI. Since the three streams have united and the policy window opened,the crowd-innovating space has officially established and the policy has launched. The political stream has a significant influence on the emergence of crowd-innovating space in China in compared with the makerspace in China and foreign innovation and entrepreneurship service platforms.