对立违抗性障碍的研究现状

Research status of oppositional defiant disorder

对立违抗性障碍是儿童常见的一种心理障碍。童年早期出现,青春期达到高峰。以不服从、对抗、消极抵抗、易激惹或挑衅等行为特征为主要的临床表现。虽然对立违抗性障碍没有严重的违法或冒犯他人的攻击行为,然而对于患儿的家庭、学校,以及社会生活仍会带来较大的麻烦。家长和学校往往对于对立违抗性障碍缺乏认识,因而导致就诊率低,缺乏早期有效的干预。现就对立违抗性障碍的发病机制、临床特征、诊断及治疗方面做全面综述。

Oppositional defiant disorder(ODD)is a common psychological disorder in children,which appears in early childhood,reaches its peak in adolescence.The main clinical manifestations are disobedience,confrontation,passive resistance,irritability or provocation.Although ODD has no serious illegal or offensive behavior,it will still bring great trouble to children's family,school and social life.Parents and schools often lack awareness of ODD,which leads to low rate of treatment and lack of early effective intervention.This paper reviews the pathogenesis,clinical characteristics,diagnosis and treatment of ODD.