论法国失能老人的社会保障

Social Security for Dependent Elderly People in France

法国已经在应对老年人"依赖性"问题,即老年人由于身体、心理或智力方面自主性的缺乏或丧失,而在进行一般日常活动时需要大量协助的状态,亦即长期护理(LTC)。本文回顾了在人口迅速老龄化背景下,法国长期护理保险的立法发展。法国的长期护理是作为社会救助体系的一部分,而不是社会保险立法的一部分而构建。过去30年来,大多数欧洲国家的长期护理保障立法已进行了重大改革。本文比对其他一些国家,对法国长护制度的主要特点进行描述和分析。目前,改革的必要性得到普遍承认,就此也进行了许多研究。

France has tackled "dependence" -understood as a state in which elderly persons, by reason of lack or loss of physical, psychological or intellectual autonomy, require significant assistance or help in carrying out their usual day-to-day activities-also called long term care(LTC). This paper looks back on the way French legislators have built up social protection for the LTC in light of the rapid population aging, thus, the French LTC rules are built as part of the social assistance system and not part of the social security legislation. LTC legislation has undergone significant reform in most European countries over the last three past decades: the main characteristics of the French system are described and analyzed also in the light of some other countries. A need for reform is generally acknowledged and a lot of studies have been produced up to now.