我国污染场地土壤石油烃环境质量标准体系的现状与趋势

Current Situation and Trend of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Related Standard System in Contaminated Site Soils of China

石油烃污染场地已经成为国内外重点关注的工业污染场地类型之一。国内基于人体健康风险的污染场地管理模式及分层次评估方法已经展现雏形,为风险管理者提供了基于人体健康的土壤石油烃风险筛选值和管制值,也为污染场地的防治与修复工作提供了决策支持。在前人研究的基础上,梳理了国内土壤环境质量标准体系的建立与发展历程,分析了石油烃类污染物检测方法的现状与未来发展趋势,并着重对比与分析了各标准制订的石油烃及其指示化合物的风险评估筛选值。目前面临的关键问题:①完善石油烃监测指标体系及分析方法是精准获得风险评估结果的前提。现有石油烃馏分指标划分较为宽泛,有必要参考国外先进标准体系,逐渐完善石油烃馏分指标划分及其配套的定量分析方法。②新颁布的国家建设用地土壤污染风险管控标准在前期场地调查中具有一定的普遍适用性,但是考虑到地域建筑物参数、人群暴露参数等的差异性,在后期场地调查中还需要因地制宜地制定适合污染场地的具体修复目标值,并针对关键性参数作定量化解析。

Petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated sites have become one of the concerned types of industrial contaminated sites at home and abroad.The management mode of contaminated sites based on human health risks and the hierarchical evaluation method have already taken shape in China.This provides risk managers with screening and control values of soil petroleum hydrocarbon risks to protect human health,and also provides decision support for prevention and repair of contaminated sites.On the basis of previous studies,this paper sorts out the establishment and development process of domestic soil environmental quality standard system,analyzes the present situation and trend of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutant detection methods,and emphatically compares and analyzes the risk assessment screening values of petroleum hydrocarbons and their indicator compounds formulated by various standards.At present,the key problems are as follows:①Perfecting the petroleum hydrocarbon monitoring index system and analysis method is the premise of accurately obtaining risk assessment results.The existing petroleum hydrocarbon fractions are widely divided,and it is necessary to gradually improve the petroleum hydrocarbon fractions division and its matching quantitative analysis methods in combination with foreign standard systems.②The newly promulgated national construction land standard has certain general applicability in the preliminary site investigation;However,considering the differences of regional building parameters and crowd exposure parameters,it is necessary to formulate specific restoration target values suitable for contaminated sites in the later site investigation according to local conditions,and to analyze the key parameters quantitatively.