60Co-γ射线辐射对中国水仙的诱变效应

Effects of 60Co-γ ray radiation on Narcissus tazetta L.var. chinensis

【目的】明确^60Co-γ射线辐射诱变对中国水仙植株形态和生理特性的影响,为选育优良新品种及丰富中国水仙品种资源提供理论依据。【方法】以中国水仙金盏银台的鳞茎为试材,采用不同辐射剂量[0(CK)、10、30、50、80和150 Gy]的^60Co-γ射线进行辐射处理30 min,室内遮光储藏约3个月后进行水培,分析不同辐射剂量对中国水仙植株形态指标及生理指标的影响。【结果】中国水仙金盏银台的株高、根长、花茎高度和花径均随^60Co-γ射线辐射剂量的增加呈下降趋势,且显著低于CK处理(P<0.05,下同);始花期推迟12~22 d。其中,10 Gy辐射处理的株型紧凑,开花数量较多,且出现副花冠呈齿轮状变异,整体观赏效果较好;150 Gy辐射处理的植株叶片和根茎很短,但不开花。随着^60Co-γ射线辐射剂量的增加,中国水仙金盏银台叶片的可溶性糖含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,丙二醛(MDA)含量逐渐增加,可溶性蛋白含量呈逐渐下降趋势。其中,10~80 Gy的^60Co-γ射线辐射能增强中国水仙金盏银台植株防御能力,但随着辐射剂量增大,其防御能力降低,受损严重。【结论】^60Co-γ射线辐射中国水仙金盏银台鳞茎可导致植株形态发生变化,尤其在10 Gy的辐射剂量下其株高矮化,株型紧凑,不倒伏,开花数量较多,副花冠呈齿轮状变异,观赏价值得到提高,即该辐射剂量为^60Co-γ射线辐射中国水仙金盏银台的最适剂量。

【Objective】To investigate the effects of of^60Co-γray radiation mutagenesis on plant shape and physiological characteristics of Narcissus tazetta L.var.chinensis and provide reference for new variety breeding and enriching varieties of N.tazetta L.var.chinensis.【Method】N.tazetta L.var.chinensis Jinzhanyintai were used as test materials which were treated at 0(CK),10,30,50,80 and 150 Gy radiation doses by^60Co-γray,the seedlings were in shading storage indoor for 3 months then cultured in water.The effects of different radiation doses on plant shape and physiological characteristics were analyzed.【Result】The results showed that the plant height,root length,flower stem height,and flower diameter of Jinzhanyintai showed a downward trend with the increasing of the^60Co-γray radiation dose,and were significantly lower compared to CK(P<0.05,the same below);and the flowering period was delayed by 12-22 d.The N.tazetta L.var.chinensis irradiated by 10 Gy showed a good overall ornamental values,including dwarf and compact plant,large number of flowering,and cogwheel flower side lobe.When the radiation dose reached 150 Gy,the N.tazetta var.chinensis had short leaves and did not bloom.Soluble sugar content,superoxide dismutase activity(SOD)and catalase(CAT)activity all showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of irradiation dose,malonaldehyde(MDA)content increased,content of soluble protein showed a decreasing trend.Among them,10~80 Gy of^60Co-γray radiation could enhance the defense ability of Jinzhanyintai,but with the increase of radiation dose,its defense ability decreased and the damage was severe.【Conclusion】The plant morphology of Jinzhanyintai bulb can be changed by^60Co-γray irradiation,especially low-dose radiation(10 Gy)treatment can result in the increasing ornamental values of plants,which includes dwarf and compact plant,lodging resistance,more flowers and cogwheel flower side lobe.So the optimal dose of radiation is 10 Gy for Jinzhanyintai.