论中国传统性别差等结构的隐固性

On the Implicit and Solid Structure of the Gender Difference in Traditional China

男女两性的自然差异在向社会文化结构的转化过程中被置换为男优女劣的性别差等,这是世界各文化普遍存在的社会现象。中国传统社会的性别差等不是男性彻底压制女性的二元对立,而是一元格局下两性相依互动的男尊女卑,具有超强的隐固性。这种隐固性不仅在于伦理—政治的一体化,更有着深层的经济、政治根基,它既是整个文化结构体系的有机构成部分,又是其核心特征在两性关系上的体现;父系家族所有制是这种一元格局下男尊女卑性别差等的经济基础,家国同构的政治组织形式非但没有触动家族内部的两性差等,反而为其提供了牢固的政治保障;而伦理与政治一体化的儒家意识形态则使这种性别差等被纳入到政治组织系统而更趋稳固,至于儒家意识形态与社会组织一体化的社会整合模式和传统哲学的天地—阴阳—男女的本体论系统,更是把这种性别差等贯彻到社会组织的各个层次和宇宙自然的各个领域。正是经济所有制形式、政治结构、意识形态、社会组织、哲学观念等各级因素的逐层包裹、叠加与固化,才使得中国性别差等结构成为一个集贯通性、隐蔽性、灵动性于一体的稳固结构系统,使国人长期受其控制而浑然不觉。剖析这一结构的内在层次是解除其魔咒的关键。

In the process of transformation to the social and cultural structure,the natural difference between men and women is transformed into the gender difference which means men are superior to women,which is a normal phenomenon in each culture around the world.The gender difference in traditional Chinese society is not binary opposites under which men completely suppress women,but it is the superiority of men to women under single pattern where two genders dependent on each other,which has extremely implicity and solidity.This kind of implicity and solidity is not only because of the integration of politics and ethic,but also has more profound economic and political foundation.It is not only an organic part of the whole cultural structure system,but also a manifestation of its core characteristics in gender relations.The ownership of patrilineal family is the economic basis of the gender difference of the single pattern under which men are superior to women.The political organization form with the same structure of country and home provides strong political guarantee instead of touching the gender difference in the family.The Confucian ideology with the integration of social and ethic mode makes the gender difference categorize to the political organizational system and more stable.It is the social model with the integration of the Confucian ideology and social organization and the ontology system of traditional philosophy with heaven and earth,yin and yang,male and female that carries out the gender difference to all levels of the social organization and all areas of nature and universe.It is the wrap,stacking and solidification of the economic ownership form,political structure,ideology,social organization,philosophy and all other levels of factors that make the structure of the Chinese gender difference become a firm structure system with interconnectivity,concealment and flexibility,keeping people within its control longtime and unaware.Thus,analyzing the internal layered structure is the key to dispel the curse.