糖尿病患者心理痛苦与情绪调节策略、应对方式的研究

A Study on Psychological Distress of Diabetic Patients and Corresponding Emotion Regulation Strategies and Coping Modes

目的调查糖尿病患者心理痛苦现状,并分析情绪调节策略、应对方式对糖尿病患者心理痛苦的影响。方法采用便利抽样法,运用情绪调节问卷、医学应对方式问卷和糖尿病心理痛苦量表对2017年8月-2018年2月在安徽医科大学第一附属医院内分泌科住院的202例糖尿病患者进行调查,采用单因素分析、Pearson相关分析和多元线性回归分析探讨糖尿病患者心理痛苦的影响因素。结果糖尿病患者心理痛苦总得分为(32.82±1.54)分,40.10%的患者存在中度及以上糖尿病心理痛苦。单因素分析结果显示,病程小于等于5年和不规律体育锻炼的患者糖尿病心理痛苦得分更高(P<0.05)。相关分析结果显示,糖尿病心理痛苦与认知重评、面对、回避呈负相关(r=-0.386、-0.443、-0.140,P<0.05),与表达抑制、屈服呈正相关(r=0.500、0.522,P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示,认知重评、面对、回避能负向预测糖尿病心理痛苦程度(P<0.05),表达抑制、屈服能正向预测糖尿病心理痛苦程度(P<0.05)。结论糖尿病患者的心理痛苦水平有待改善,情绪调节策略和应对方式是影响糖尿病心理痛苦的重要因素。医务人员在临床进行健康宣教时,应重点关注短病程及不能做到规律锻炼的糖尿病患者的心理状况,并重点给予心理辅导,同时鼓励患者增加情感表露,改变对疾病的认知,增加疾病应对的积极性,以减少疾病给患者带来的心理困扰。

objective To investigate the situation of diabetic patients with psychological distress, thus to analyze the effects of emotion regulation strategies and coping modes on their psychological distress. Methods A total of 202 diabetic patients hospitalized in the Endocrinology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from August 2017 to February 2018 were investigated with the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Medical Coping Mode Questionnaire and Diabetes Distress Scale by convenience sampling;then univariate analysis, Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were performed to investigate the influence factors of psychological distress in diabetic patients. Results The total score of psychological distress in diabetic patients was(32.82 ± 1.54) points, and 40.10% of diabetic patients had psychological distress in moderate degree and above. According to the univariate analysis, the patients suffered from diabetes not more than 5 years and irregular in physical exercise had a higher score of psychological distress(P<0.05). According to the correlation analysis, the psychological distress in diabetic patients was negatively correlated with cognitive reappraisal, confrontation, and avoidance(r=-0.386,-0.443,-0.140, P<0.05) and positively correlated with expression inhibition and yield(r=0.500, 0.522, P<0.05). According to the multiple linear regression analysis,cognitive reappraisal, confrontation and avoidance could negatively predict the degree of psychological distress in diabetic patients(P<0.05), while expression inhibition and yield could positively predict the degree of psychological distress in diabetic patients(P<0.05). Conclusion The level of psychological distress in diabetic patients needs to be improved;emotion regulation strategies and coping modes are important factors affecting psychological distress in diabetic patients. Therefore, medical workers should focus on the psychological status of diabetic patients with short course of disease and irregular in physical exercise and provide psychological guidance when carrying out health education in clinical practice. Meanwhile, they should encourage patients to express more feelings, change their cognition of the disease, and motivate patients to fight the disease, so as to reduce the psychological distress caused by the disease to patients.