地方政府补贴之公平竞争审查及其路径优化

Fair Competition Review of Local Government Subsidies and Its Path Optimization

长期以来,我国地方政府补贴存在着透明度低、随意性强等问题,加剧了市场主体的不公平竞争,在《反垄断法》规制不力的情况下,我国适时推出公平竞争审查制度,旨在通过事前审查与事后清理相结合的方式实现对地方政府补贴的有效治理。但在实践过程中,由于公平竞争审查制度在审查方式、审查标准等方面不尽完善,制度实施并没有达到预期的效果。为此,可以借鉴欧盟对国家援助制度的控制经验,健全相关立法,在此基础上进一步细化审查标准,完善审查方式;还可以引入惩罚与奖励机制作为保障,使得对于地方政府补贴的公平竞争审查能够真正发挥实效,从而实现全国统一市场的建立。

For a long time, there are some serious problems of local government subsidies in China, such as low transparency and strong arbitrariness, which aggravate the unfair competition of market subjects. In the case of weak regulation of anti-monopoly law, China timely launched the fair competition review system, aiming to achieve effective governance of local government subsidies through the combination of pre review and post clearance. However, in the process of practice, due to the imperfection of the fair competition review system in terms of review methods and standards, the implementation of the system has not achieved the desired results. Therefore, it can be learned from the EU’s experience in controlling the national aid system. First of all, the relevant legislation can be improved, on this basis, the review standards can be further refined, the review methods can be improved, and the punishment and reward mechanism as the guarantee can also be introduced, so that the fair competition review of local government subsidies can truly play an effective role, so as to achieve the establishment of the national unified market.