基于眼动的城市森林景观视觉质量评价及距离变化分析

Visual Quality Evaluation and Distance Change Analysis of Urban Forest Landscape Based on Eye Movement

文章基于注视点个数、注视频率、平均注视时间、平均眼跳幅度、平均眼跳速度、首次注视时间、注视时间比重7个眼动指标,构建景观视觉质量评价模型,选取并拍摄获取通州运河森林公园旱柳林5个样地、6个不同距离梯度下的30个样本,通过眼动实验获取指标数据进行景观视觉质量评价;再基于ANOVA分析距离对景观视觉质量的影响,并根据研究结果提出旱柳林游憩步道建设对策。研究结果表明:1)旱柳林景观视觉质量值分布在0.13~1.49范围内,90%样本处于中高等级,视觉质量较好;2)注视点个数、注视频率、平均眼跳幅度、注视时间比重对景观视觉质量构成显著影响,距离变化通过显著影响注视点个数,对注视频率、平均眼跳幅度、注视时间比重产生相关影响,从而影响景观视觉质量;3)旱柳林景观视觉质量在25 m处最低,且25 m处视线多向树冠与草坪交界面聚集,草坪对景观感知存在一定影响,在5 m和30 m处景观视觉质量呈现相对较高水平,可作为游憩路径设置参考值。

This paper establishes the evaluation model of landscape visual quality based on seven eye movement indicators including number of fixation points,fixation frequency,average fixation time,average saccade amplitude,average saccade velocity,first fixation time and the proportion of fixation time.Then it selects and takes pictures of the 30 samples at 6 different distance gradients selected from 5 plots of Salix matsudana Koidz in Tongzhou Canal Forest Park,and makes the landscape visual evaluation with the indicator data obtained from the eye movement experiment.Finally,the effect of distance on landscape visual quality is analyzed using the analysis of variance(ANOVA),and then put forward the countermeasures for the construction of recreational trails in S.matsudana Koidz based on the study results.The results show that:1)The visual quality value of a S.matsudana Koidz landscape ranges from 0.13 to 1.49,and 90%of samples belongs to the levels of“common”and“better”,which means a good visual quality;2)The number of fixation points,the frequency of fixation,the average saccade amplitude and the proportion of fixation time have the significant influence on the visual quality of landscape,while the distance change has an impact on the landscape visual quality by influencing the frequency of fixation,the average saccade amplitude and the proportion of fixation time after its impact over the number of fixation points;3)The landscape visual quality of S.matsudana Koidz is“worst”at the distance of 25m,where people put their gaze towards the interface between the crown and the lawn,and the lawn has a certain impact on landscape perception.The visual quality of landscape at 5m and 30m is relatively high.The study result would help set the references for park recreation path construction.