黑格尔主义的还是马克思主义的?——卢卡奇《历史与阶级意识》中的革命主体思想辨析

Hegelian or Marxist?——An Analysis of the Revolutionary Subject Thought in Lukács’ History and Class Consciousness

卢卡奇《历史与阶级意识》中的革命主体思想具有鲜明的革命旨趣和实践指向。然而在"以黑解卢"的解读模式中,历史被比照为"实体",无产阶级被比照为历史之主-客体,无产阶级阶级意识被比照为"实体即主体"的意识,从而《历史与阶级意识》关于重建革命主体的全部论说被指陈为一种纯然的思辨表达和一个纯粹的概念神话。解读《历史与阶级意识》的革命主体思想,应以马克思的历史辩证法为方法论指引,把作为历史主体的无产阶级从"绝对理念"的阴影中显明出来。

The revolutionary subject thought in Lukács’History and Class Consciousness has distinct revolutionary interests and practical directions.However,in the mode of"interpreting Lukács with Hegel"history is compared to"entity",the proletariat is compared to the subject-object of history,and the consciousness of the proletariat is compared to the consciousness that"the entity is the subject",so all the theories about reconstructing revolutionary subject in History and Class Consciousness are identified as a pure speculative expression and a pure conceptual myth.To interpret the revolutionary subject thought of History and Class Consciousness,we should take Marx’s historical dialectics as a methodological guidance and highlight the proletariat as the subject of history from the shadow of the"absolute idea".