我国市售婴儿配方乳粉油脂配料使用情况分析

The Use of Oil Ingredients in Commercial Infant Formula Milk Powders in China

目的:了解我国市售婴儿配方乳粉的油脂配料使用情况及脂肪酸提供情况,为提升婴儿配方乳粉的营养水平及制定产品相关标准提供参考。方法:多渠道收集婴儿配方乳粉标签信息,统计分析油脂配料的种类、组合、最高添加量构成比及标识含量,比较全脂乳产品与脱脂乳产品、牛乳基产品与羊乳基产品、高必需脂肪酸产品与全部产品间的差异。均数和率的比较分别采用t检验和卡方检验。结果:共纳入269个婴儿配方乳粉。配料表分析显示,85%的产品使用了4种及以上的油脂配料,葵花籽油和椰子油在全部产品中的添加率最高,分别为88%、76%。牛、羊乳基配方粉的油脂配料使用情况存在差异,牛乳基配方粉中脂肪、亚油酸及α-亚麻酸的标识含量略高于羊乳基配方粉(P<0.05)。脱脂乳配方粉中,棕榈油添加率为32%,显著高于全脂乳产品(P<0.05)。44例使用了棕榈油的产品中仅有4例强化了1,3-二油酸2-棕榈酸甘油三酯。结论:牛、羊乳基配方粉中的必需脂肪酸标识含量基本一致。现市售婴儿配方乳粉以多种油脂组合使用的方式,以尽可能模拟母乳脂肪酸模式,但有些油脂类原料使用的科学性还有待进一步研究。

Objective To understand the use of oil ingredients and the types and contents of fatty acids in commercial infant formula milk powders in China,and give reference for improving the nutritional level of infant formulas and developing related standards.Method The labels of infant formula milk powder were collected in different ways.The type,combination,composition of the highest added amount and labeling content of the oil ingredients were analyzed statistically.The differences between the whole milk based infant formula and the skim milk based infant formula,cow milk-based products and goat milk-based products,high essential fatty acid content products and the whole products were compared,and comparison of the mean and the rate was done by t-test and chi-square test,respectively.Result A total of 269 infant formulas was included.According to the analysis of the ingredients list,85%of the products used 4 or more oil ingredients,the addition rate of sunflower oil and coconut oil were higher than that of others,88%and 76%respectively.The usage of oil ingredients were different between the cow milk-based and goat milk-based formula powder.The labeling content of fat,linoleic acid andα-linolenic acid in the cow milk-based formula powder was slightly higher than that in the goat milk-based formula powder(P<0.05).In the skim milk based formula,the addition rate of palm oil was 32%,which was significantly higher than that of the whole milk based formula(P<0.05).Only 4 of the 44 products using palm oil added the 1,3-dioleic acid 2-palmitic acid triglyceride.Conclusion The labeling content of essential fatty acid in the cow milk-based formula powder and goat milk-based formula powder is basically the same.Utilized by a combination of various oils in the commercial infant formula is to emulate the fatty acid profile of human milk as possible.However,the scientific supports of the usage of some oil materials in infant formulas need to be studied.