北京中学生营养知识现况及其影响因素分析

Current Condition and Its Influencing Factors Analysis on Nutrition Knowledge of Middle School Students in Beijing

目的:了解北京市中学生营养知识掌握现况并探讨影响因素。方法:采用整群典型抽样,抽取北京核心城区和郊县城区数所代表性中学学生,开展现场问卷调查。结果:北京市6所中学1192名学生参与问卷调查,其中初中生789人、高中生392人,男生600人(50.80%)、女生581人(49.20%),平均年龄13.72±1.58岁(最小11岁、最大19岁);中学生营养知识平均得分为59.37,初中生59.78,高中生58.53;女生61.08,男生57.71;学生对不同类别营养知识的知晓率差异显著(P<0.05);女性学生、与父母同住、父母学历高与学生营养知识得分存在正相关关系。结论:北京市中学生营养知识得分处于不及格水平,对不同知识类别的知晓度差异显著,学生在初高中阶段学习和掌握营养知识缺乏系统连贯性。学校课程设置、年级、性别、父母学历、居住状况等影响学生营养知识掌握状况。学校应考虑家庭和社会参与,衔接初高中阶段课程教学,加强系统、综合和连贯性的学生营养教育。

Objective To investigate the current situacing of nutrition knowledge of middle school students and explore its influencing factors in Beijing.Method Cluster representative sampling and questionnaire survey were used in this field survey.Several representative middle school students in Beijing s core urban and suburban counties were selected to conduct on-site questionnaire survey.Result A total of 1192 students from 6 middle schools participated in the questionnaire survey,including 789 junior high school students,392 senior high school students,600 boys(50.80%),581 girls(49.20%),with an average age of 13.72±1.58 years(minimum 11 years,maximum 19 years).The average score of nutrition knowledge of all middle school students was 59.37,59.78 junior high school students,58.53 senior high school students,61.08 girls,57.71 boys.The students awareness rates of various nutrition knowledge categories were significantly different(P<0.05).Female students,living with their parents and parents high educational background had positive influence on the students nutritional knowledge score.Conclusion Nutrition knowledge score of middle school students in Beijing is below the pass standard.There is significant difference in the mastery of various nutrition knowledge.Nutrition knowledge learning and mastery lack systematic consistency in the stages of junior and high school.School curriculum,grade,gender,education background of parents,and living conditions affect students mastery of nutrition knowledge.Middle schools should consider the participation of family and society,link up the curriculum teaching of junior and high school,and strengthen the systematic,comprehensive and consistent nutrition education for students.