母乳成分对纯母乳喂养婴幼儿早期生长发育速率的影响

Effects of Breast Milk Composition on Early Growth and Development Rates Among Exclusively Breastfed Infants

目的:探究母乳成分对纯母乳喂养婴幼儿早期生长发育速率影响。方法:回顾性分析2017年4月—2018年6月我院收治的纯母乳喂养正常分娩足月婴儿共120例,根据婴儿生长发育速率不同,分为60例正常发育组(正常组)、60例非正常发育组(非正常组)。统计所有婴儿出生时体重与身高,两组婴儿于1月龄、2月龄、3月龄时入院检查体重、身高净增长量,计算平均体重、身高净增长量,同时采集婴儿对应母乳样本,进行母乳成分分析,并记录喂养相关信息,将分析结果以及喂养相关信息与婴儿生长发育速率做相关性分析。结果:两组婴儿基线资料相比,观察组婴儿平均体重净增量与平均身高净增量明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),其余统计项两组婴儿无明显差异,不具统计学意义(P>0.05)。正常组母乳蛋白质、脂肪以及总能量含量明显高于非正常组,干物质含量明显低于非正常组,以上差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组乳糖含量无明显差异(P>0.05)。以所有婴儿平均体重净增量为应变量,做多因素线性回归分析,结果显示,喂养时间间隔与婴儿平均体重净增量表现出相关性(B=-0.108,P=0.004,95%CI=-0.180^-0.035);母乳蛋白质含量与婴儿平均体重净增量表现出相关性(B=0.338,P=0.014,95%CI=0.069~0.608);母乳脂肪含量与婴儿平均体重净增量表现出相关性(B=0.072,P=0.002,95%CI=0.026~0.118)。以所有婴儿平均身高净增量为应变量,做多因素线性回归分析,结果显示,婴儿吮吸时间与婴儿平均身高净增量表现出相关性(B=-0.154,P=0.019,95%CI=-0.283^-0.025);母乳蛋白质含量与婴儿平均身高净增量表现出相关性(B=2.050,P=0.000,95%CI=1.156~2.944)。结论:纯母乳喂养方式下,母乳中蛋白质、脂肪等主要营养物质含量可能直接影响婴幼儿早期生长发育速率,应尽可能保证母乳成分构成均衡健康,利于婴幼儿成长吸收。

Objective To investigate the effect of breast milk ingredients on early growth and development rate of exclusively breastfed infants.Method From April 2017 to June 2018,a total of 120 cases of exclusive breastfeeding normal full-term infants admitted to our hospital were randomly selected and divided into 60 cases of normal development group(normal group)and 60 cases of abnormal development group(abnormal group)according to different growth and development rates of infants.Statistics all the baby was born,when the term weight and height,the calculation of two groups of baby 1,2 months,3 months net weight,height growth,when calculating the average weight and height net growth,collect baby corresponding milk samples at the same time,the milk components analysis,and record information related to feeding,will the results of the analysis and the related information and babies growth rate to do correlation analysis.Result Compared with the baseline data of the two groups,the net increment of average body weight and average height in the observation group was significantly higher than t hat in the control group(P<0.05),and the difference was statistically significant(P>0.05).The content of protein,fat and total energy in normal breast milk was significantly higher than that in normal breast milk,and the content of dry matter was significantly lower than that in normal breast milk(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in lactose content between the two groups(P>0.05).Linear regression analysis of multiple factors was performed with the mean net weight gain of all infants as the dependent variable.The results showed that the correlation between feeding interval and the mean net weight gain of infants was observed(B=-0.108,P=0.004,95%CI=-0.180^-0.035).There was a correlation between the protein content of breast milk and the mean net weight gain of infants(B=0.338,P=0.014,95%CI=0.069~0.608).Breast milk fat content was correlated with mean net weight gain of infants(B=0.072,P=0.002,95%CI=0.026~0.118).Taking the net increase of average height of all infants as the dependent variable,linear regression analysis of multiple factors was conducted.The results showed that the sucking time of infants was correlated with the net increase of average height of infants(B=-0.154,P=0.019,95%CI=-0.283^-0.025).There was a correlation between the protein content of breast milk and the average net increase in infant height(B=2.050,P=0.000,95%CI=1.156~2.944).Conclusion The content of protein,fat and other major nutrients in the breast milk may directly affect the growth rate of infants in the early stage under the mode of exclusive breastfeeding.