周公“居东”“东征”与宁阳古国考证——从李学勤先生释小臣单觯铭“在成师”说起

Zhou Gong’s “East Buju”,“Eastern Expendition” and the Textual Research of Ningyang Ancient State——Speaking From Mr. Li Xueqin’s Explanation of the Small Minister Shanzhi’s Bronzes “Being Chengshi”

据西周金文小臣单觯铭载,周公东征“在成师”。此“成(郕)”之故地全境在今山东宁阳,其都在今宁阳县境内古洸水之东北、刚(堽城里)之西南、宁(阳城)之西北某地,包括今宁(阳城)在内,成(郕)是周公“居东”和“东征”——“东伐淮夷,遂践奄”——必经和最适当驻地,即《史记》所称周公东征“兵所”所在。而今宁(阳城)之周公台遗址,则当为周公东征“兵所”之组成部分。周公曾在此“兵所”赏赐部下,接受成王“馈禾”并与之唱和,在此台“系易”等。今宁阳在商周之际是西周二次灭商以华统夷开启齐鲁文化的主要基地,《尚书》《诗经》等书中“周公东征”文学的主要发祥地。作为华夏东进与东夷文化碰撞融和的关键区域,三千年前宁阳故地堪称中国历史上的“齐鲁文化之门”。又,宁阳古为“鲁甸”,多圣贤后裔封国或来寓。

According to the bronzes of small minister Shanzhi in inscriptions of bronze in the Western Zhou Dynasty,Zhou Gong went to the eastern expedition“in Chengshi”.This“Cheng(vassal states)”is located in Ningyang,Shandong Province.It’s capital is located in the northeast of ancient Guangshui,the southwest of Gang,and the northwest of Ningyang.Including today’s Ningyang,Cheng(vassal states)is the most appropriate and necessary residence of Zhou Gong’s“East Buju”and“eastern expedition”-“the Eastern expediting Huaiyi and then beating Yan”.That was called Zhou Gong’s“Camping Ground”in the Historical Records.The site of Zhou Gong platform in today’s NingYang should be an integral part of Zhou Gong’s“Camping Ground”of his eastern expedition,where Zhou Gong once rewarded his subordinates in this“Camping Ground”and accepted King Cheng’s“grain-giving”and responded poems with him.He“concerned for the fate”on this platform.Today,Ningyang was the main base of Qi and Lu culture on the occasion of Zhou and Shang Dynasty when the Western Zhou Dynasty destroyed the Shang Dynasty twice to open up the Qi and Lu culture,and it is also the main birthplace of the literature of“Zhou Gong’s eastern expedition”in the Book of History,Book of songs and other books.As a key area for the collision and integration of Chinese eastward advance and Dongyi culture,the old site of Ningyang 3000 years ago can be called the“gate of Qi and Lu culture”in Chinese history.And Ningyang in ancient times was called“Ludian”,many descendants of sages got princedoms or came to live there.