循吏牛运震对儒家“君子人格”的实践

Niu Yunzhen’s Practice of Confucian “Gentleman Personality”

牛运震是被列入《清史稿·循吏传》的官员之一,他在为官、行教、治学等领域,无论是德性还是功业,都值得肯定。分析其中的原因,就在于牛运震深受儒家思想的浸润和滋养,尤其是儒家“君子人格”对他的塑造。儒家“君子人格”的核心在于学以成人,成就君子人格,成就君子之言行。牛运震没有直接探讨过儒家“君子人格”思想的问题,但是在他的授课稿《论语随笔》中,在他的书信中,在他的行动中,都深刻地体现出“君子人格”对他的影响。通过牛运震“立德、立功、立言”三个视角,能够更加清晰地概括出牛运震践行儒家思想、成就君子人格的一生。

Niu Yunzhen is one of the officials listed in the Biography of the upright and Law-abiding officials’in the history manuscript of Qing Dynasty.He deserves recognition for his virtues and achievements in various fields such as government service,teaching and scholarship.The reason is that Niu Yunzhen was deeply infiltrated and nourished by Confucianism,especially the shaping of Confucian“gentleman personality”.The core of Confucian“gentleman personality”lies in learning to become an adult,achieving gentleman personality,and achieving the words and deeds of a gentleman.Niu Yunzhen did not directly discuss the Confucian thought of“gentleman personality”,but in his lecture manuscript Essays on the Analects of Confucius,in his letters and in his actions,the influence of“gentleman personality”on him was revealed.Through the three perspectives of Niu Yunzhen’s life,namely,morality,meritorious service and speech,we can get a glimpse of his life course of practicing Confucianism and cultivating a gentleman’s personality.