基于BIM技术的大型商场疏散通道优化研究

Evacuation Channel Optimization of Large-scale Shopping Malls Based on BIM Technology

随着大型商场的逐年增多,使用传统的二维、三维疏散模型将人员安全疏散的方式已不适用于当前疏散过程中复杂的情况。针对该问题,本文通过以出口和楼梯等疏散通道能够合理搭配利用为目标,开创性地提出了疏散通道优化的基本思想,通过建立BIM模型,并以某计划新建的大型商场为实例对象,依据《建筑设计防火规范》,对大型商场三维模型进行疏散通道重新设计,开展“有通道优化”和“无通道优化”两种情景下进行整体疏散的过程模拟对比分析,通过比对两种疏散通道实现通道优化方案和疏散效率的提升。研究表明:更加合理的疏散通道与出口的位置分配能够有效提高人员逃生率,疏散通道的合理化配置能够实现更高效的出口利用率,为大型商场的新建、改建、扩建工程提供了参考。

With the increase of large-scale shopping malls year by year,the traditional two-dimensional and three-dimensional evacuation models are not suitable for the current complex situations in evacuation process.Aiming at this problem,this paper puts forward the basic thought of evacuation passageway optimization by taking the reasonable collocation and utilization of evacuation channels such as exits and stairs as the goal.Based on the BIM model and a planned new large shopping mall as an example,according to the Design Code on Building Fire Protection and Prevention,the 3D model of large-scale shopping mall is redesigned for evacuation channel,and the overall evacuation process is simulated and analyzed under the two scenarios of“optimization with channels”and“optimization without channels”.By comparing the two evacuation channels,the passageway optimization scheme and the evacuation efficiency improvement are realized.The research shows that a more reasonable distribution of evacuation channels and exits can effectively improve the escape rate of people,and the rational configuration of evacuation channels can achieve a more efficient utilization rate of exits,which provides the references for the construction,reconstruction and expansion of large shopping malls.