乐山大佛胸腹部开裂残损区域病害特征及保护措施建议

Disease feature and advice for reinforcement measures in cracked and damaged areas of the chest and abdomen of Leshan Giant Buddha

乐山大佛胸腹部存在区域性的开裂及残损病害,主要为后期修补材料起鼓开裂,表现形式为片状或块状剥落、开裂及空鼓。结合当今石质文物保护趋势,以精细化勘察为目标,开展了乐山大佛胸腹部开裂残损区域病害调查。采用人工勘测和地质雷达检测相结合的方法确定了乐山大佛胸腹部开裂及残损区域空鼓分布范围、起鼓高度以及开裂裂缝分布等特征;在胸腹部残损开裂区域取样,对修补材料失效原因进行了分析。在此基础上提出了人工揭取、粘接、微型锚固及修复等保护措施建议,为乐山大佛的文物保护提供参考。

Damages such as flake or block scaling,cracking and inner voids are found locally in the chest and abdomen of Leshan Giant Buddha which are mainly caused by the patching materials.Considering the current trend of stone cultural relics protection,using elaborate surveying means,the survey of the cracked and damaged area in the chest and abdomen of Leshan Giant Buddha was carried out.The distribution range and the height of inner void,the distribution of cracks in the chest and abdomen of the Leshan Giant Buddha were in investigated by manual survey and geological radar detection.Samples were taken from the cracked area to analyze the failure reasons of the repair material.Based on the above mention works,some suggestions on the protection such as manual stripping,adhesion,micro anchorage and repair are put forward for the protection of Leshan Giant Buddha.