精神科新入职护士职业认同与职业压力、应对方式的关系

Relationship between occupational identity and occupational stress,coping style of newly recruited nurses in psychiatric department

目的:探讨精神科新入职护士职业压力及应对方式对职业认同的影响,为进一步提高新入职护士职业认同水平提供科学依据。方法:采用方便抽样的方式选择上海市各级精神专科医院2017、2018两年6-8月入职的所有新护士,采用一般资料问卷、新进护理人员工作压力量表、职业认同评定量表以及特质应对方式问卷进行调查。结果:新入职护士职业认同总体处于中等水平,以职业认知评价维度条目均分最低(3.24±0.82);新入职护士急救护理方面压力最为突出,条目均分为(2.76±0.89);积极应对方式护士占82%,消极及中性应对方式护士占18%;多元逐步回归结果显示,积极应对方式(t=7.63,P<0.001)、女性(t=3.19,P<0.01)对新入职护士职业认同具有显著正向预测作用;常规护理压力(t=-3.47,P<0.01)对职业认同具有显著负向预测作用。结论:护理管理者可通过重点干预男性及消极应对方式的新入职护士,同时有效降低新入职护士整体在常规护理方面的压力,从而提高他们的职业认同水平,稳定精神科护理队伍。

Objective:To explore the influence of occupational stress and coping style on occupational identity of new nurses in psychiatric department,and to provide scientific evidence for further improving occupational identity of new nurses.Methods:All new nurses in Shanghai psychiatric hospitals from June to August in 2017 and 2018 were selected by convenient sampling.General data questionnaire,new nurses’occupational stress scale,occupational identity scale and trait coping style questionnaire were used to investigate.Results:The newly recruited nurses had moderate level of occupational identity,with the lowest mean score of occupational cognitive evaluation subscale(3.24±0.82);The most prominent stress was in emergency nursing aspect,whose mean score was(2.76±0.89);The positive coping style nurses accounted for 82%,and the negative and neutral coping style nurses accounted for 18%;The results of stepwise multivariate regression analysis showed that positive coping styles(t=7.63,P<0.001)and women(t=3.19,P<0.01)could positively predict new nurses’high level of occupational identity;Routine nursing stress(t=-3.47,P<0.01)had significantly negative predictive effects on occupational identity.Conclusion:Nursing managers can improve the overall professional identity of new nurses in psychiatry by intervening male new nurses and negative coping style nurses and by reducing the pressure of routine nursing of new nurses.