由“辞命体”到“应用文”——分析刘熙载应用文写作观及其当代价值

From “Imperative Writing” to “Practical Writing”——LIU Xizai’s Views of Practical Writing and its Contemporary Values

在《艺概》的《文概》卷中,刘熙载首次把应用文当作一种独立文体呈现在人们的视野中,然而刘熙载的应用文写作观并没有获得应有的独立价值而受到当代研究者重视和研究。分析刘熙载的应用文写作观,他由辞命体入手,点明应用文是广义的辞命体文章,为当代应用文写作教学和研究在发掘本源方面提供了思路;他强调"奉使,受命不受辞",对于今天重新认识应用文写作的独特价值有振聋发聩之功效;他指出"辞命各有所宜",对于"命"要慎重取舍,为当代应用文写作如何立意树立了价值追求的标准。从对辞命体"受命不受辞"的阐述,到对应用文"重其辞乃所以重其实"等写作要领的归结,体现出刘熙载对应用文从行为方式进入文本方式的一个自觉或不自觉的认识过程,暗含着他对应用文写作与做人、做事的关联的觉识。这对于我们今天对接传统与现代,深入开掘古典应用文理论的基础性问题具有启发和借鉴意义。

In his "A Survey of Writings"in "A Survey of Literature and Art",LIU Xizai at the first time presented practical writing as an independent genre,and he points out that practical writing is a kind of imperative writing in a broad sense. But in academic circles of literary and artistic theories,his view of practical writing has not gained the independent value he deserves. Starting from the dialectical relationship between the"law"of narration and the"knowledge"of argumentation,he emphasizes that the practical writing should be narrated according to the rules and regulations. LIU Xizai’s exposition of practical writing implies his awareness and understanding of the relationship between conducting oneself,doing things and practical writing as a whole,and provides inspiration for exploring the origin of practical writing in contemporary world.