社会保障支出与老龄人口生活质量

Social Security Expenditure and the Quality of Life of the Elderly Population

社会保障支出对老龄人口生活质量影响重大,合理的支出结构能够促使老龄人口更加健康、更有尊严地共享经济与社会发展成果。基于"中国健康与养老追踪调查"数据库2015年调查数据发现:人均社会救助支出对老龄人口生活质量存在负向效应;而人均社会保险基金支出有利于提升老龄人口生活质量。不同影响效应方面,人均社会救助支出对60~69岁老年人及较低收入老年人生活质量的负向影响更大。基于此,应适当调整社会保障支出水平和优化社会保障支出结构;建立适合不同老龄人口的服务救助项目和心理救助项目并考虑低龄和低收入老龄人口的需求;注重社会保障支出向社会保险基金支出方面的倾斜;逐步缩小社会保障支出的区域和城乡差异。

Social security expenditure has a significant impact on the quality of life of the elderly population, which means that a reasonable spending structure helps to enable the elderly people to share the gains of the economic and social development with better health and greater dignity. Based on the 2015 survey data of the China Health and Aging Tracking Database, the study finds that per capita social assistance expenditure has a negative effect on the quality of life of the elderly population while per capita social insurance fund expenditure is conducive to its improvement. In terms of different groups, a greater negative impact is observed to be exerted by per capita social assistance expenditure on the quality of life of the elderly people aged between 60 and 69 and those with lower income. It is therefore obvious that the level of social security expenditure needs to be adjusted and its structure needs to be optimized. Other necessary steps include the establishment of physical service and psychological support programs for different elderly population groups, with special attention to the needs of the aforesaid ones,the more favorable allocation policies towards social insurance fund expenditure within the framework of social security expenditure,and the gradual narrowing of the regional gaps and urban-rural gaps existing in social security expenditure.