执行证书的制度重构:以执行命令权的配置为视角

On the Reconstruction of Executive Certificate System:From the Perspective of the Configuration of Executive Command Right

执行证书在强制执行程序中具有一定的价值,执行机关结合执行证书和原公证债权文书确定执行内容,执行证书的签发程序也具备相应的程序功能,如限制公证机关和执行机关的恣意,保障当事人具有选择的机会,连接公证程序和执行程序等。我国的执行证书制度与域外的执行文制度具有许多相似之处,两种文书均是在公证程序与执行程序之间签发的,审查的内容也具有相同点,都是开启执行程序必备的条件。执行文制度体现了执行命令权的独立性,能够合理地衔接债权文书的公证和公证债权文书的执行,也能够促进执行机关快速开启执行程序。因此,我国有必要借鉴执行文的模式来改造执行证书制度。通过对执行文制度的借鉴,对执行命令权的配置,从执行证书的签发机关、签发条件和救济程序的角度分析,提出了重构执行证书制度的建议。

The execution certificate has certain values in the enforcement procedure.The execution authority determines the execution content according to the execution certificate and the original notarized credit document.The issuing procedure of the execution certificate also has corresponding functions,such as restricting the will of the notary office and the executing agency,ensuring that the parties have the opportunity to choose,connecting the notary procedures and execution procedures.China′s executive certificate system has many similarities with the extraterritorial executive text system.Both documents are issued between the notarization process and the executive process.The contents also have the same points.The executive text system embodies the independence of the command right,and links the notarization and the execution reasonably,and facilitates the quick start of the execution procedure.Therefore,it is necessary for China to learn from the executive text to transform the execution certificate system.Based on the reference to the executive text,this paper puts forward reconstructing the execution certificate system from the perspectives of the configuration of execution authority,the issuing authority and conditions and the relief procedure.