旅游人类学的“多向度”思维模式——以北川羌族自治县旅游发展的“多向度”研究为例

The Mode of Multi-dimensional Thinking in Rural Tourism Research ——Taking the“multi-dimension”research on Beichuan tourism as an erample

面对我国旅游业迅猛发展的态势,国内旅游研究尤其是旅游人类学理论发展却陷入了困境。本文站在理论反思的立场上,针对我国旅游发展现状和未来趋势,指出“单向度”理论已经无法完全适用于分析我国特有的旅游现象,而应该突破既有研究模式的局限,以“多向度”的理论思维对旅游目的地和客源地、东道主、游客、中介系统之间的关系、互动和影响进行分析,进而重新讨论人们为什么旅游,为什么出现不同类型的旅游,以及旅游开发中的主体性问题和旅游过程中的文化涵化问题等,为推动中国旅游人类学研究本土化的发展提供一些思考和启发。本文以北川羌族自治县(以下简称“北川县”)近年来的旅游发展现状为案例,具体呈现了如何采用旅游人类学的多向度思维模式对旅游发展中存在的问题和发展趋势进行分析和讨论。

With the development of China’s tourism industry,domestic tourism research has fallen into a difficult situation.Based on the position of theoretical reflection,in this article,it will be pointed out that the“Single-dimension”theory has not been fully applicable to the analysis of China’s unique tourism phenomenon,but should break through the limitations of existing research models.The theoretical thinking of“Multi-dimension”analyzes the relationship,interaction and influence between tourist destinations and source areas,hosts,tourists,and intermediary systems,and then re-discussing why people travel,why different types of tourism occur,and tourism development.The subjectivity problem and the cultural acculturation in the tourism process provide some reflections and inspirations for promoting the development of tourism anthropology research in China.