扬雄辞赋观的形成及其文学史意义

The Formation of Yang Xiong’s View of Cifu and Its Significance in Literary History

扬雄对屈原、司马相如作品的评价贯穿其一生的创作与著述活动。扬雄早期作《蜀都赋》《反离骚》,中年作"四赋",或拟屈原,或拟相如,以丽辞属文。晚年的扬雄自觉弘扬儒家学说,致力于思想的构建与表达,对包括屈原、相如作品在内的骚、赋提出批评。扬雄以"赋"为屈原作品的文类归属,关注屈作的瑰丽特征。其称"辞",或指向文辞,或指向文辞的华丽内涵,并以后一指向的"辞"为赋的内在属性,不以为文体。扬雄的辞赋观直接影响班固等东汉以后的学者与赋家。

The evaluation of Yang Xiong on Qu Yuan and Sima Xiangru’s works ran through his lifetime creation and writing activities. Yang Xiong’s early writing Shudu Fu and Anti-Lisao middle-aged writing Four Fu,either simulated Qu Yuan,or simulated Xiangru,pursuing gorgeous rhetoric. In his later years,Yang Xiong consciously promoted Confucianism,devoted himself to the construction and expression of thought,and criticized Sao and Fu,including Qu Yuan and Xiangruo. Yang Xiong thought that the works of Qu Yuan belonged to the Fu literary style,and paid considerable attention to the magnificent features of Qu Yuan ’sworks. The explanation of Ci which Yang Xiong expressed referred to a linguistic form or the magnificent meaning of this form. The narrow sense of Ci was the intrinsic attribute of Fu,which did not represent a kind of literary style. Yang Xiong’s concept of Cifu directly affected scholars and Fu writers of the Eastern Han Dynasty and beyond,such as Ban Gu.