新疆春小麦育成品种遗传演变分析

Analysis of the Genetic Evolution of Cultivated Spring Wheat Varieties in Xinjiang

【目的】研究新疆春小麦育成品种遗传演变规律,提高小麦资源的利用效率,为新疆春小麦品种选育和改良提供参考依据。【方法】以新疆春小麦育成品种为材料,对其主要性状进行综合评价分析,以春小麦90K芯片开展新疆春小麦育成种亲缘关系分析。【结果】新疆春小麦育成种遗传多样性丰富,平均遗传多样性指数2.005,变幅为1.902~2.181。相关性分析结果表明,蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、穗粒数与育种年代呈极显著正相关。新疆春小麦品种选育主要是通过常规杂交育种、杂交辐射诱变育种、引种3种方式。利用小麦90K芯片将新疆春小麦育成种划分为3个类群,显示了各品种之间的亲缘关系。【结论】新疆春小麦育种遗传基础薄弱、遗传多样性逐渐散失,新疆小麦育种应加强资源收集与利用,扩大育种亲本选择,提高品种变异的丰度和广度,以多抗、高产稳产、优质高效的聚合育种,加快新品种选育进程,提高育种效率。

【Objective】To study the genetic evolution of spring wheat cultivars in Xinjiang in the hope of improving utilization efficiency of wheat germplasm and providing reference for breeding and improvement of these varieties.【Method】Xinjiang spring wheat varieties were used as experimental materials,and their main characters were comprehensively evaluated and analyzed,and the genetic relationship was analyzed by wheat 90K SNP chip.【Result】The results showed that the genetic diversity of spring wheat in Xinjiang was abundant,and the average genetic diversity index ranged between 1.902-2.181 with an average 2.005;Correlation analysis showed that protein content,wet gluten and spike grain number had significant positive correlation with breeding age.In the past years,the breeding of spring wheat varieties in Xinjiang mainly applied three methods:hybid breeding,hybrid radiation mutagenesis breeding and introduction.There was no doubt that the introduced wheat varieties did play a great role in the wheat breeding process in Xinjiang.At present,the wheat cultivars could be divided into three groups by wheat 90K chip and the clustering result showed the relationship between the varieties.【Conclusion】The genetic basis of spring wheat breeding in Xinjiang was weak,and at the same time the genetic diversity was gradually lost.In the future,the collection and utilization of genetic resources should be strengthened in order to expand the basis of breeding parental selection and increase the abundance and breadth of variety variation and in addition to that,the breeding objective should focus on multiple resistance,high yield and stable yield,high quality and high efficiency,thus accelerating the breeding process of new varieties and improving efficiency.