一体化匀播技术对冬小麦生长发育及产量的影响

Effects of Integrated Uniform Technology on Growth, Development and Yield of Winter Wheat in Southern Xinjiang

【目的】研究一体化匀播栽培技术对新疆南疆冬小麦生长发育及产量的影响。【方法】在大田条件下,设置一体化匀播和常规条播2种不同的播种方式,研究不同播种方式下冬小麦叶片叶绿素含量(SPAD值)、叶面积指数(LAI)、干物质积累及产量和产量构成因素的变化规律。【结果】与条播相比,匀播处理有利于叶绿素含量(SPAD值)的提高,增大了叶面积指数(LAI),促进干物质的积累,有效提高了籽粒产量。与常规条播相比,匀播处理节省整地、撒肥及播种作业费1320元/hm^2,节约肥料投入成本421.5元/hm^2;2年籽粒产出效益分别增加了5.93%(2017年)和22.75%(2018年)。【结论】冬小麦一体化匀播具有高产、节本增效、肥料利用率高的优点。

【Objective】To study the effects of integrated and uniform cultivation techniques on the growth,development and yield of winter wheat in southern Xinjiang.【Method】A field experiment was conducted by setting two different sowing methods:integrated sowing and conventional strip sowing,and the variation of chlorophyll content(SPAD value),leaf area index(LAI),dry matter accumulation,yield and yield components of winter wheat leaves were observed under different sowing methods.【Result】The results showed that compared with strip sowing,uniform sowing treatment was beneficial to the increase of chlorophyll content(SPAD value)and leaf area index(LAI),to promotion of dry matter accumulation,and thus grain yield was effectively increased.Besides,compared with the conventional strip sowing,the costs of the uniform seeding,soil preparation,fertilization and sowing included,were saved by a total of 1,320 yuan/hm^2 and the input of fertilizer was saved by 421.5 yuan/hm^2.What was more,the two years’output benefits were increased by 5.93%in 2017 and 22.75%in 2018,respectively.【Conclusion】The results of comprehensive comparison and economic benefits obtained were:the integrated uniform sowing of winter wheat had the advantages of high yield,cost saving and efficiency,and high fertilizer utilization rate,which might be recommended as a reference for local production.