不同灌水量对赤霞珠葡萄光合作用的影响

Effects of Different Irrigation Amounts on Photosynthesis of Cabernet Sauvignon Grapes

【目的】比较分析新疆北疆粘壤土条件下,不同灌水量对赤霞珠葡萄光合特性的影响,筛选出适宜赤霞珠葡萄生长的灌溉量,为赤霞珠葡萄生产上的栽培应用提供科学依据。【方法】以3年生赤霞珠葡萄为研究对象,设置3个灌水量:即220、260和280 m^3/667 m^2、以常规灌水量330 m^3/667 m^2为对照,在葡萄果实膨大期选择晴天用便携式光合测定系统测定各处理葡萄叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、水分利用率,并综合分析。【结果】不同灌水量对赤霞珠葡萄光合特性产生不同程度的影响。其中灌水量在220 m^3/667 m^2时葡萄叶片净光合速率日均值13.11μmol/(m^2·s),较对照高1.47%;蒸腾速率日均值最低,为4.48 mmol/(m^2·s),较对照低8.5%;水分利用率日均值3.07μmo/mmol,较对照高8.8%。【结论】在新疆北疆产区,赤霞珠葡萄在220 m^3/667 m^2的灌水条件下,水分利用率显著高于其他灌溉处理,水分得到了高效利用,更有利于葡萄树体营养生长和生殖生长的平衡。

【Objective】The effects of different irrigation amounts on the photosynthetic characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes were compared and analyzed under the soil conditions of the clay loam soil in northern Xinjiang in order to screen out the irrigation amount suitable for its growth,which will provide the scientific basis for cultivation application for the grape production in the future.【Method】Taking the 3-year-old'Cabernet Pearl'grape as the research object,three irrigation amounts were set:220 m^3/667 m^2,260 m^3/667 m^2,280 m 3/667 m^2,and the conventional irrigation amount 330 m^3/667 m^2 was treated as a control,the net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and water use efficiency of each treated grape leaf were determined by portable photosynthetic system in the grape fruit expansion period.【Result】Different irrigation amounts had different effects on the photosynthetic characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes.The daily average net photosynthetic rate of grape leaves was 13.11μmol/(m^2·s),which was 1.47%higher than the control,and the lowest daily transpiration rate was 4.48 mmol/(m 2·s),8.5%lower than the control;the daily mean value of water use efficiency was 3.07 mol/mmol,which was 8.8%higher than the control.【Conclusion】In the northern Xinjiang producing area,the water use efficiency of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes under 220 m^3/667 m^2 was significantly higher than that of other irrigation treatments,and the water was used efficiently,which was more conducive to vegetative growth and balance of reproductive growth of vines.