制造业集聚对创新生产率的影响及区域比较

The impact of manufacturing agglomeration on innovation productivity and its regional comparison

基于2003-2015年我国省级制造业面板数据,采用两阶段最小二乘法,本文分析了制造业集聚对创新生产率的影响,并进行了区域比较。理论分析表明,制造业集聚主要通过创新投入不断减少和创新产出有效增加,从而推动技术进步或技术效率的提高等作用机制来促进创新生产率提升。实证结果显示,(1)制造业集聚能够有效促进其创新生产率提升,并且技术效率的改善而非技术进步是制造业集聚促进创新生产率提升的主要途径;(2)分区域比较来看,制造业集聚对创新生产率及其分解指标的影响作用在东、中、西部区域之间存在明显的差异。其中,东中西部区域制造业集聚均有利于显著促进其创新生产率提升和技术效率改善,但作用程度之间存在一定的差异,且对技术进步的影响系数虽为正,却不显著;(3)无论是替换核心解释变量,还是分时间段进行回归估计,抑或对制造业集聚对创新生产率影响的作用途径进行检验,上述结果均成立。基于上述研究结论,本文提出了推进我国制造业创新生产率提升的相关政策建议。

Based on the panel data of provincial manufacturing industries in China from 2003 to 2015, this paper makes an analysis of the impact of manufacturing agglomeration on innovation productivity and its regional comparison is also made by using the two-stage least square method. The theoretical analysis shows that manufacturing agglomeration promotes innovation productivity mainly through reducing innovation input and increasing innovation output, thus promoting technological progress or improving technical efficiency. Empirical results show that:(1) Manufacturing agglomeration can effectively promote the improvement of its innovation productivity, and the improvement of technical efficiency, rather than technological progress, is the main way for manufacturing agglomeration to promote innovation productivity;(2) From the perspective of sub-regional comparison, there are obvious regional differences in the impact of manufacturing agglomeration on the innovation productivity and its decomposition index among the eastern, central and western regions. Among them, manufacturing agglomeration in the eastern, central and western regions is conducive to promoting its innovation productivity and technical efficiency significantly, but there is certain difference in the degree of effect, and the impact coefficient on technological progress is positive, but it is not significant.(3) No matter regression estimation by replacing the core explanatory variables or time intervals, as well as examining the ways in which manufacturing agglomeration affects the innovation productivity, the above results are established. Based on the above conclusions, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions to promote the innovation productivity of Chinese manufacturing industry.