车轮车轴疲劳性能测评技术（下）

Fatigue Performance Evaluation Technology of Wheel and Axle(Part 2 of 2)

介绍车轮和车轴疲劳试验内容、试验方法以及偏心共振法、悬臂梁法、拉压法的疲劳试验设备技术特点。在车轮、车轴疲劳性能台架试验验证方法研究中,分析载荷谱台架试验技术,基于车轮疲劳当量应力的车轮通道合并理论和基于车轴当量弯矩轮轨力的车轴通道合并理论,提出基于实测轮轨力-时间历程的车轮和车轴服役载荷谱编制方法。该方法可以用于机车车辆车轮和车轴新产品疲劳可靠性评定、性能验证以及线路服役条件下的性能模拟。为缩短试验周期,提出载荷谱等效强化方法,给出基于线路实测载荷谱的台架试验方法。

The contents and methods of fatigue test for wheels and axles and the technical characteristics of fatigue test equipment,as well as eccentric resonance method,cantilever method and tension-compression fatigue test meth⁃od are introduced in this article.In the research of validation method for wheel-axle fatigue performance by using rig test,the load spectrum test technology is analyzed.In the light of the theory of wheel passage merging based on wheel fatigue equivalent stress and axle passage merging based on axle equivalent bending moment wheel-rail force,the method of obtaining service load spectrum of wheel and axle basing on measured history data of real test is raised.This method can be used for fatigue reliability evaluation,performance verification and performance simulation under actual on-line condition of new products of rolling stock wheels and axles.In order to shorten the test period,an equivalent enhancing method of load spectrum is proposed and a rig test method based on the measured load spec⁃trum of actual line is given.