赤水市人体舒适度指数特征分析

Characteristic analysis of human comfort index in Chishui City

利用2005—2017年赤水国家气象观测站逐小时平均气温、相对湿度和10 min平均风速计算人体舒适度指数,对赤水人体舒适程度的气候特征进行了统计分析。结果表明,赤水舒适天气较多,存在少量的偏冷和炎热天气,酷热日数极少,具有显著的季节分布特征,具体为:①偏冷天气年日数在10~46 d之间波动,开始日期主要在12月份,占比85%,结束日期主要在2—3月份,偏冷天气出现在1月份的概率最大,一天中出现在04—11时的次数最多,出现在13—21时的次数较少;②酷热天气较少,仅出现6个时次,炎热天气年日数在16~54 d之间波动,在20~30 d的年度占比54%,炎热天气开始日期在6中旬—7月上旬,结束日期在8月中旬—9月下旬,一天中13—15时出现概率最大;③舒适天气年日数在135~176 d,年平均舒适天气152 d,4、5、9、10月是最舒适月份。研究表明,春秋季节较为舒适,适宜户外活动,也是赤水旅游的黄金期;冬季后半夜到上午易出现偏冷天气,夏季午后易出现炎热天气,户外活动时需要采取一定的防护措施。

The human comfort index was calculated by using the hourly average temperature,relative humidity and 10 minute average wind speed at Chishui National Meteorological Observatory from 2005 to 2017.The climatic characteristics of human comfort in Chishui were analyzed.The results show that Chishui has more comfortable weather,there are a few cold and hot weather,and the number of hot days is very few.It has significant seasonal distribution characteristics.Specifically:①The number of days of cold weather fluctuates between 10 and 46 days,the beginning date is mainly in December,accounting for 85%,the end date is mainly in February-March,and the probability of cold weather occurring in January is the largest,4-11 days in a day.The number of hottest days is the highest,and the number of hottest days is the lowest at 13-21∶00;②the number of hot days is less,only 6 times,the number of hot days fluctuates between 16-54 days,accounting for 54%of the year in 20-30 days,the beginning date of hot weather is from mid-June to early July,the end date is from mid-August to late September,and the probability of 13-15∶00 in a day is the highest;③the number of comfortable days is in 135-15∶00.-176 days,the annual average comfortable weather 152 days,April,May,September,October is the most comfortable month.The research shows that spring and autumn are more comfortable,suitable for outdoor activities,and it is also the golden period of Chishui tourism;cold weather is prone to occur from midnight to morning in winter,hot weather is prone to occur in summer afternoon,and certain protective measures are needed when outgoing activities.