中小河流域三个叫应机制气象服务标准分析——以余庆河为例

Analysis of meteorological service standards of three calling mechanisms in small and medium-sized river basins——A case study of Yuqing river

利用余庆河流域内余庆国家基本气象站1981—2019年降水资料及5个区域气象站2012—2019年降水资料,结合团结水库水位特征和历史暴雨洪涝灾情资料,分析余庆河流域“三个叫应”气象服务标准。结果表明:以24 h区域平均雨量为统计量,团结水库24 h前的水位在602 m、603 m、604 m、605 m时,余庆河流域一级叫应临界雨量阈值分别为85 mm、80 mm、75 mm、70 mm;二级叫应临界雨量阈值分别为70 mm、65 mm、60 mm、55 mm;三级叫应临界雨量阈值分别为65 mm、60 mm、55 mm、50 mm。根据致灾临界雨量阈值确定的余庆河流域“三个叫应”气象服务标准,符合余庆县防汛实际情况,可以为防御中小河流域暴雨洪涝赢得宝贵时间。

Based on the precipitation data from 1981 to 2019 at the Yuqing National Basic Meteorological Station and from 2012 to 2019 at five regional meteorological stations in the Yuqing River Basin,combined with the water level characteristics of Unity Reservoir and the historical data of torrential rains,floods and waterlogging,the meteorological service standards of"three calls"in the Yuqing River Basin were analyzed.The results show that when the water level of Unity Reservoir before 24 hours is 602 m,603 m,604 m and 605 m,the threshold values of first-order critical rainfall in Yuqing River Basin are 85 mm,80 mm,75 mm and 70 mm,the threshold values of second-order critical rainfall are 70 mm,65 mm,60 mm and 55 mm,and the threshold values of third-order critical rainfall are 65 mm,60 mm,55 mm and 50 mm,respectively.According to the meteorological service standard of"three calls"determined by the threshold of critical rainfall,it conforms to the actual situation of flood control in Yuqing County,and can gain valuable time for the prevention of rainstorm and flood in small and medium-sized River basins.